한국불교태고종의 의식 전통 계승과 그 의미 - 천도재를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This article examines the tradition of Cheondojae (Buddhist rites for consoling the wandering souls) among the intangible cultural properties of Buddhism in Korea and analyze the cases of Cheondojae being designated as a national intangible cultural property in order to elucidate the significance of the Taego Order of Korean Buddhism’s inheritance of the tradition of the ritual. Cheondojae includes Suryukjae (ritual of the land and water assembly), Saengjeonyesujae (ritual of the Ten Kings), Yeongsanjae (celebration of Buddha’s sermon on Vulture Peak Mountain), and Daryejae (ancestral ritual with a tea ceremony). From the Goryeo period to the early Joseon period, Suryukjae was frequently performed as a ritual for the royal family and was practiced in the private sector from the late Joseon period. Saengjeonyesujae and Yeongsanjae appear to have settled as a tradition of private family rituals after the mid-Joseon period. In addition, although Daryejae inherited the tradition of rituals practiced on the date of the deceased since the Three Kingdoms period, the name Daryejae was considered to have settled in modern times. Among these Cheondojae rituals, the following are designated as intangible cultural properties; in the case of Yeongsanjae, there are one national intangible cultural property (Bongwonsa Temple) and four local intangible cultural properties (Busan, Bulmosan, Naepo, and Gwangju); in the case of Suryukjae, there are three national intangible cultural properties (Samhwasa Temple, Jingwansa Temple, Baegunsa Temple) and one local intangible cultural property (Incheon); in the case of Saengjeonyesujae, there are two local intangible cultural properties (Milyang Jakyaksan Mountain, Bongeunsa Temple in Seoul) and one preliminary designation (Yangju Cheongnyeonsa Temple). In addition, Buddhist rituals in Jeju Island were also designated as local intangible cultural properties. Overall, there are four national intangible cultural properties and nine local intangible cultural properties (including preliminary designation), most of which have been handed down from the Taego Order of Korean Buddhism. The reason why the Taego Order of Korean Buddhism was able to inherit the ritual tradition was that the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism, which did not allow monks to marry due to internal disputes within the sect during the post-liberation period, was passive in inheriting traditional Buddhist rituals while the Taego Order of Korean Buddhism, which allowed marriage and maintained traditional rituals. Therefore, if the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism has inherited the tradition of not allowing marriage, it can be evaluated that the Taego Order of Korean Buddhism has inherited the tradition of Buddhist rituals.