학습과 기억의 뇌파
Electroencephalography of Learning and Memory
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참고문헌
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초록
뇌에서 발생하는 신호의 진동(oscillations)은 멀리 떨어져있는 뇌 영역 사이의 연결과 소통을 가능케 한다.1) 1924년Hans Berger가 최초로 인간 뇌파를 기록한 이후, 심리생리학적 연구들은 뇌파를 심리 현상과 행동의 신경상관물(neural correlate)로서 바라볼 수 있게 해주었다. 뇌신경과학에서 다루는 고전적인 주제인 학습과 기억 또한 뇌파 기록 및 분석방법의 발전에 힘입어 지속적으로 연구되어 왔다. 초기 연구는 알파파(7~12 Hz)와 베타파(12~30 Hz)를 중심으로 한 학습과 기억에 관여하는 주의(attention)와 각성(awakeness)에 관한 뇌파 연구에 집중되었다. 또한 깊은 수면중에 나타나는 느린 주기와 큰 진폭을 가지는 델타파(0.1~4 Hz)와 수면 중 기억 공고화(consolidation)의 관련성에 대한연구가 이루어졌다. 세타파(4~7 Hz)는 행동주의 학파의 동물조건화(conditioning) 실험을 통해 공간기억과 작업기억에 관련이 있는 것으로 알려졌다. 특히, 베타파와 감마파(> 30 Hz) 와 같은 고주파수 대역 진동에 초점을 맞춘 뇌파 연구들은최근 10여 년간 활발하게 이루어졌으며, 이 고주파 활동이 중추 신경계의 정보 처리, 특히, 지각, 운동 통제, 감각-운동 통합, 주의, 억제, 기억 등 다양한 인지기능, 특히 고차원적 인지에 관련되어 있음을 보여주었다.2-7) 본 종설은 학습과 기억 처리과정의 신경상관물로서의 뇌파에 대한 것으로, 주파수 대역에 따라 구분된 정량뇌파 연구들을 개략적으로 소개할 것이다.
Abstract
This review will summarize EEG studies of learning and memory based on frequency bands including theta waves (4-7 Hz), gamma waves (> 30 Hz) and alpha waves (7-12 Hz). Authors searched and reviewed EEG papers especially focusing on learning and memory from PubMed. Theta waves are associated with acquisition of new information from stimuli. Gamma waves are connected with comparing and binding old information in preexisting memory and new information from stimuli. Alpha waves are linked with attention. Eventually it mediates the learning and memory process. Although EEG studies of learning and memory still have controversial issues, the future EEG studies will facilitate clinical benefits by virtue of more developed and encouraging prospects.
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