진화심리학적 관점에서의 불안 및 불안장애
The Evolutionary Psychological Aspects of Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders
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초록
불안은 인간의 기본 정서 중의 하나이다. 불안하지 않은인간은 없으며 실제 말을 못하는 영아에서도 불안의 징후를읽을 수 있다. 진화심리학적 관점에서 불안은 인간의 생존및 번식의 필수적인 요소이다. 불안하지 않고 인간이 생존및 번식을 계속하지 못하였을 것이기 때문이다. 따라서 진화심리학에서 불안은 오랜 기간 인간의 생존 역사와 함께 진행된 인간의 필수 현상이라고 할 수 있다. 불안과 공포는 인간의 사회적 진화의 원동력이 되기도 한것이 사실이다. 인간의 생존과 발전을 위하여 불안의 긍정적측면은 많은 이론에서 이미 보고되고 있다. 따라서 불안 및불안장애는 인간의 진화심리학적 관점에서 중요한 핵심 주제중의 하나이다. 불안이 인간생존의 핵심 정서 중의 하나이기때문에 자연스레 불안장애 또한 인류역사와 함께 진행되고변형되었을 것이다. 본 논문에서는 불안의 진화심리학적 관점은 물론 각종 불안장애의 진화심리학적 관점을 다루고 이에 대한 시각을 재조명하려고 한다.
Abstract
Anxiety is one of the basic human emotions. From the evolutionary psychology point of view, it is a necessary factor for survival and prosperity of human beings that had been developed throughout time with the history of human survival and development. Anxiety plays the role of protecting one from social or physical threats. In reality, lacking of anxiety showed lots of examples of maladjustments. But the result of over-adjustment, which is overanxious disorder, is definitely disturbing one’s survival and growth, and it can lead to anxiety disorder that needs to be treated. Anxiety from the evolutionary psychology point of view, started as a primary adjustment form and it evolves into various types of anxiety disorders that relates to the modern society’s characters. Therefore, having the grasp of evolutionary psychology, which can be the base of treating anxiety and anxiety disorders, is very important. So from now on, studies for this aspect would need to be done as integrated and multidisciplinary studies not only by psychiatrists, but by including epidemiologists, psychologists, ecologists, biologists, and neuropsychologists. In this article, the author tried to review and explore the idea of anxiety and anxiety disorders from the evolutionary psychology point of view.
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