맹농인 교육과 재활 동향 분석
Current Trends and Future Directions of Education and Rehabilitation for the Deaf-Blind
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농맹아동(deaf-blind)은 시각과 청각 손실을 동시에 가지고 있어 심각한 의사소통과 발달문제와 교육문제를 가지게 됨으로써 농아나 맹아만을 위한 프로그램에서 교육을 받을 수 없다는 특수성 때문에 출현율이 극히 저조한데도 불구하고 교육자들의 관심의 대상이 되어왔다. 본 고는 미국의 농맹 교육과 재활의 전반적인 동향을 분석하여 농맹 교육과 재활 모형을 제시하고 활성화를 위한 기반사항을 알아보는데 있었다. 분석 결과로 농맹인을 위한 의사소통 양식 개발과 성공적인 활용은 사회 전반적으로 농맹인의 가능성에 대한 인식을 확산시킬 수 있었다는 점, 미국 사회에서 농맹이 특수장애로 그 중요성을 인정받아야 한다는 합법화 과정이 있었다는 점, 구체적인 정책을 수립하여 전문 기관 설립과 프로그램 개발이 이루어진 점, 전문인력 양성과 이에 따른 자금 확보가 이루어졌다는 점이 농맹교육과 재활의 기반사항으로 나타났다. 미국 농맹 교육과 재활 동향 분석 결과로 제시된 농맹교육과 재활의 구성모형은 장차 농맹교육의 기반을 마련해야 하는 국가 교육 정책전문가와 교사들에게 주요 정보로 활용될 수 있으리라 본다.
Abstract
Deaf-blindness is one of the most severe of all forms of disabilities. There is a great and continuing need for services and training to help individuals who are deaf-blind attain the highest possible level of development. The first purpose of this study was to analyze current trends of education and rehabilitation for the deaf-blind people in the United State. The second was to propose a model of special education and rehabilitation services for the deaf-blind in Korea. Data was collected through literature review and internet. As a result, the current trends of deaf-blind education in the United States were summarized the following phenomena: successful life history of the deaf-blind, policy enforcement, fund raising and special training for professionals. In order to construct special education and rehabilitation system for the deaf-blind in Korea, the four elements should be considered in aspects of self-realization and welfare of the deaf-blind. While this study suggest the need to build system for education and rehabilitation for the deaf-blind in Korea, it includes realistic knowledge about the practices of this approach as future directions.
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