크메르어, 버마어, 베트남어, 라오어 모음체계의 유형적 보편성 연구
A Typological Research on the Vowel System Universals of Khmer, Burmese, Vietnamese and Lao
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This paper aims to study the universals of vowel systems of four Southeast Asian languages, namely Khmer, Burmese, Vietnamese and Lao. Two factors should be considered in discussing the universals of vowel systems of the natural languages: the size of the vowel inventory and the contents of the language in question. Three of the four languages have long vowels or nasal vowels in addition to the normal (short) vowel and these vowels should be also included in the analysis to find out the nature of vowel system universals of the nature languages. We set up three different systems for the analysis; the system of normal vowels, the primary system (S1) and secondary system (S2). The inventories of the four languages in the UPSID(UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database, Maddieson 1984; Maddieson & Precoda 1990) are mainly analyzed with some other phonological data from various literature, and the findings from the discussion are as follows. First. 5 vowels are most preferred in the normal vowel system and in even the system of S1 and S2. Second, long vowels can be larger than the normal vowels in their numbers. Third, nasal vowels are more common than long vowels in natural languages. Fourth, the four languages have a large number of vowels, as is well known as other languages in the same area, but both the peripheral and interior vowels are relatively well organized with respect to the size principle and dispersion principle, with the exception of the normal vowel system of Vietnamese and the S2 of Burmese.
Abstract
This paper aims to study the universals of vowel systems of four Southeast Asian languages, namely Khmer, Burmese, Vietnamese and Lao. Two factors should be considered in discussing the universals of vowel systems of the natural languages: the size of the vowel inventory and the contents of the language in question. Three of the four languages have long vowels or nasal vowels in addition to the normal (short) vowel and these vowels should be also included in the analysis to find out the nature of vowel system universals of the nature languages. We set up three different systems for the analysis; the system of normal vowels, the primary system (S1) and secondary system (S2). The inventories of the four languages in the UPSID(UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database, Maddieson 1984; Maddieson & Precoda 1990) are mainly analyzed with some other phonological data from various literature, and the findings from the discussion are as follows. First. 5 vowels are most preferred in the normal vowel system and in even the system of S1 and S2. Second, long vowels can be larger than the normal vowels in their numbers. Third, nasal vowels are more common than long vowels in natural languages. Fourth, the four languages have a large number of vowels, as is well known as other languages in the same area, but both the peripheral and interior vowels are relatively well organized with respect to the size principle and dispersion principle, with the exception of the normal vowel system of Vietnamese and the S2 of Burmese.
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