공정한 사회와 지속가능한 경제발전: 우리의 현실과 바람직한 정책 방향
Fair Society and Sustainable Economic Development: Policy Direction for Korean Economy
1
조회
0
다운로드
7
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
분배적 형평성과 경제성장의 상충적인 관계와 재분배를 위한 정부 개입의 비효율성만을 강조해온 낡은 경제학은 선진국 경제발전의 경험 그리고 후발국 경제개발의경험과 일치하지 않는다. 동아시아의 낮은 불평등, 높은 교육열과 인적자본 축적이고속성장의 원동력으로 작용한다는 개발경제학자들의 주장이 전제하는 것은 불평등과 재분배 그리고 경제성장 간의 다양한 인과적 기제이다. 이에 대한 연구를 강조하는 새로운 사조의 경제학은 고전경제학이 설명하기 어려웠던 분배와 성장의 관계에대한 깊이 있는 통찰을 제시하고 있다. 불평등은 지속적인 발전과 경제성장을 가로막는 요인으로 작용할 수 있고, 정부의 재분배 기능은 그 자체가 야기하는 효율성상실보다 더 큰 사회적 편익을 창출할 수 있으며 이를 통해 경제성장을 추동할 수있다. 이러한 연구 성과에 기반 하여 주요 국제기구들은 포용적 국가시스템의 중요성을 강조하고 있다. 높은 불평등과 양극화, 날로 커지는 계층 격차와 기회불평등, 높은 부패인식과 낮은 사회적 신뢰 등이 보이는 우리 사회의 현실은 포용적 국가시스템이 미비함을 말해준다. 이를 확충하려면 복지와 사회안전망 강화, 정부의 재분배 기능 강화 그리고 공정한 시장질서 확립이 시급하다. 초기 아동기 양육과 보육, 초중등 및 고등교육에 대한 공적 지출 확대와 효율적 재원배분은 기회형평성을 개선할 뿐만 아니라 지속발전을 위한 인적 기반을 강화하는 이중의 효과를 가진다.
Abstract
The outdated economics of equity and growth, emphasizing the efficiency loss of redistributive government intervention and the trade off between equity and growth, is inconsistent with the experience of developed economies in recent 30 years and the experience of economic development in developing countries. Conventional wisdom of development economists that low inequality, high education and human capital accumulation served as the driving force of economic miracles in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan assumes various causal mechanisms among inequality, redistribution and economic growth. Recent trends in economics of equity and growth emphasize the study of these causal mechanisms. It has provided a deeper insight into the relationship between distribution and growth, which classical economics was unable to account for. Inequality can act as a barrier to sustainable development and economic growth, and government redistribution can create greater social benefit than its own efficiency loss, and thus drive economic growth. Based on these research achievements, major international organizations have emphasized the importance of inclusive state systems. The current status of Korean society, exhibiting high inequality and polarization, ever-growing hierarchical disparity and opportunity inequality, high perception of corruption and low social trust, indicates the urgent need for developing an inclusive state system. Strengthening welfare system, social safety net, and redistributive role of the state and establishing a fair market order is necessary for that purpose. In addition, sufficient state investment in early childhood care, child care, primary, secondary and higher education has the dual effect of not only reducing inequality of opportunities but also strengthening the human basis for sustainable economic growth.
참고문헌 (53)
- 권정안, "『禮記』 大同社會에 대한 고찰", 漢文古典硏究, 36(1), pp.357~385 (2018), 한국한문고전학회[DOI]
- 한국의 부의 불평등, 2000-2013: 상속세 자료에 의한 접근, "김낙년", ~ (2013)
- 고등교육 진학단계에서의 기회형평성 제고방안, "김영철", KDI, ~, pp.KDI 정책연구시리즈 2011-06 (2011)
- 한국사회의 세대 간 경제적 이동성 분석, "김희삼", KDI, ~, pp.KDI 정책연구시리즈 2009-3 (2009)
- 학업성취도 분석을 통한 초중등교육의 개선방향 연구, "김희삼", KDI, ~, pp.KDI 연구보고서 2012-09 (2012)
- 오성재, "가구환경과 교육성취의 기회: 대학수학능력시험 성적을 이용한 연구", 재정학연구, 9(4), pp.1~32 (2016), 한국재정학회
- 오성재, "한국의 소득기회불평등에 대한 연구", 재정학연구, 10(3), pp.1~30 (2017), 한국재정학회
- 주병기, "분배적 정의와 한국사회의 통합" (2018), 율곡출판사
- Aghion, P., "Inequality and Economic Growth : The Perspective of the New Growth Theories", Journal of Economic Literature, 37, pp.1615~1660 (1999)
- Alesina, A., "Distributive Politics and Economic Growth", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108, pp.465~490 (1994)
- Alesina, A., "Income Distribution, Political Instability, and Investment", European Economic Review, 40(6) (1996)
- Arneson, R., "Equality and Equal Opportunity of Welfare", Philosophical Studies, 56, pp.77~93 (1991)
- Barro, R. J., "Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogeneous Growth", Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), pp.103~125 (1990)
- Benabou, R., "Inequality and Growth", NBER Macroeconomics Annual, 11, pp.11~74 (1996)
- Benabou, R., "Tax and Education Policy in a Heterogeneous-Agent Economy : What Levels of Redistribution Maximize Growth and Efficiency?", Econometrica, 70(2), pp.481~517 (2002)
- Benhabib, J., "The Tradeoff Between Inequality and Growth", Annals of Economics and Finance, 4(2), pp.491~507 (2003)
- Berg, A., "Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth : New Evidence", Journal of Economic Growth, 23, pp.259~305 (2018)
- Bleaney, M., "Testing the Endogenous Growth Model : Public Expenditure, Taxation, and Growth Over the Long Run", Canadian Journal of Economics, 34(1), pp.36~57 (2001)
- Chetty, R., "The Economic Impacts of Tax Expenditures: Evidence from Spatial Variation Across the US" (2015), Mimeo
- Cohen, G. A., "On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice", Ethics, 99, pp.906~944 (1989)
- "Credit Swisse, Global Wealth Databook", ~ (2014)
- Household Finance and Income Inequality in the Euro Area, "Denk, O.", OECD Publishing, ~, pp.OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1226 (2015)
- Easterly, W., "Inequality does Cause Underdevelopment : Insights from a New Instrument", Journal of Development Economics, 84, pp.755~776 (2007)
- Kristin J Forbes, "A Reassessment of the Relationship Between Inequality and Growth", American Economic Review, 90(4), pp.869~887 (2000), American Economic Association[DOI]
- Non-Linear Effects of Taxation on Growth, "Jaimovich, N.", National Bureau of Economic Research, ~, pp.NBER Working Paper No. 18473 (2012)
- Ju, B. -G., "Fair Allocation of Disputed Properties", International Economic Review, 58, pp.1279~1130 (2017)
- Ju, B. -G., "Entitlement Theory of Justice and End-state Fairness in the Allocation of Goods", Economics and Philosophy, 34(3) (2018)
- Kaldor, N., "A Model of Economic Growth", The Economic Journal, 67(268), pp.591~624 (1957)
- Lazear, E. P., "Rank-Order Tournaments as Optimum Labor Contracts", Journal of Political Economy, 89(5), pp.841~864 (1981)
- Lefranc, A., "Inequality of Opportunities vs. Inequality of Outcomes : Are Western Societies all Alike?", Review of Income and Wealth, 54(4), pp.513~546 (2008)
- Lefranc, A., "Equality of Opportunity and Luck : Definitions and Testable Conditions, with an Application to Income in France", Journal of Public Economics, 93, pp.1189~1207 (2009)
- Marx, K., "Capital Translated by David Fernbach, Vol. 1, 3", pp.1976~1981, Penguin Books
- Mirrlees, J. A., "An Exploration in the Theory of Optimum Income Taxation", Review of Economic Studies, 38, pp.175~208 (1971)
- OECD, "OECD Framework for Inclusive Growth" (2014), OECD Publishing
- OECD, "Is It Together : Why Less Inequality Benefits All" (2015), OECD Publishing
- OECD, "Education at a Glance" (2016), OECD Publishing
- OECD, "Government at a Glance: How Korea Compares" (2016), OECD Publishing
- OECD, "Education at a Glance" (2017), OECD Publishing
- OECD, "Bridging the Gap : Inclusive Growth 2017 update Report" (2017), OECD Publishing
- OECD, "Society at a Glance: OECD Social Indicators" (2019), OECD Publishing
- OECD, "Income inequality (indicator)", 10.1787, 2019
- Okun, A. M., "Equality and Efficiency: the Big Trade-Off" (1975), Brookings Institution Press
- Redistribution, Inequality and Growth, "Ostry, J. D.", IMF, ~ (2014)
- Piketty, T., "Capital in the 21st Century" (2014), Harvard University Press
- Rawls, J, "A Theory of Justice" (1999), Belknap Press
- Roemer, J., "Equality of Opportunity" (1998), Harvard University Press
- Rodrik, D., "Where Did All the Growth Go? External Shocks, Social Conflict, and Growth Collapses", Journal of Economic Growth, 4(4), pp.385~412 (1999)
- Saint-Paul, G., "Education, Democracy and Growth", Journal of Development Economics, 42(2), pp.399~407 (1993)
- Saint-Paul, G., "Power, Distributive Conflicts, and Multiple Growth Paths", Journal of Economic Growth, 2(2), pp.155~168 (1997)
- Inequality of Opportunity, Inequality of Income and Economic Growth, "Shekhar, A.", IMF, ~, pp.IMF Working Paper, WP (2019), 19[DOI]
- Smith, Adam, "The Theory of Moral Sentiments(Liberty Fund)" (1982)
- Tanzi, V., "Fiscal Policy and Long-run Growth", IMF Staff Papers, 44(2), pp.179~209 (1997)
- Todaro, M., "Economic Development", ~ (1997)