한국인의 이주민에 대한 인식 및 정책선호
Korean Natives’ Misperceptions about Immigrants and Their Immigration Policy Preferences
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초록
본 연구는 19세 이상 한국인 대표 샘플을 활용한 대규모 온라인 설문조사를 통해, 한국인이 외국인 이주민에 대해서 갖고 있는 인식과 이주민 관련 정책선호를 조사했다. 한국인 조사 참가자는 이주민에 대한 오해의 정도가 크고, 부정적이며 다양했다. 가령, 외국인 이주민 인구를 실제보다 2배 이상, 외국인 범죄율은 실제보다 3배정도 과대 추정했다. 특히, 중국동포에 대한 부정적 인식오류가 다른 이주민 집단에비해 두드러졌다. 이주민에 대한 편향된 인식은 이주민에 대한 태도와 이주민 확대정책에 부정적인 태도로 연결됨을 또한 확인했다. 본 논문에서 확인한 인식오류와정책선호의 부의 상관관계를 고려하였을 때, 대국민 정보전달 캠페인을 통한 인식개선 사업은 이주민에 대한 인식오류에서 기인한 사회갈등을 줄여주는 데에 효과적일 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
This paper investigates South Koreans’ misperceptions regarding immigrants and their immigration-related policy preferences by conducting a large-scale online survey of a nationally representative sample of about 4,000 Korean natives. We find that Korean native respondents have large, negative, and multidimensional misperceptions toward immigrants. For instance, the respondents overestimate the number of foreign immigrants at least twice and the crime rate three times more than the actual statistic. Respondents exhibited most negative misperceptions toward Korean Chinese among other immigrant groups. Biased perceptions on immigrants are closely associated with negative attitudes toward immigrants and preferences over immigration policy. Considering the negative correlation between misperceptions and the policy preferences regarding immigrants, public information awareness campaigns could be effective in reducing social conflict caused via reduced misperceptions toward immigrants.
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