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네트워크 분석을 활용한 중소기업의디지털 전환과 기술혁신역량 변화 고찰: 동적 역량을 중심으로

Exploring the Changes in Digital Transformation and Technological Innovation Capabilities of SMEs Using Network Analysis: Focusing on Dynamic Capability

안경민|권상집
기술보증기금 (Korea Technology Finance Corporation)|2024.09|기술금융연구 (Journal of Technology Finance)|제13권 제2호|pp. 29-65|DOI 10.23125/JTF.2024.13.2.2

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키워드

네트워크 분석Network Analysis디지털 전환Digital TransformationSMEs중소기업Dynamic Capability기술혁신역량Technological Innovation Capability동적 역량

초록

중소기업에게 디지털 전환은 매우 중요한 영향 요인 중 하나다. 이에 따라 중소기업은 디지털 전환에 따른 기술혁신역량 축적이라는 과제를 해결해야 한다. 본 연구는 동적 역량 이론에 근거하여 디지털 기술과 기술혁신역량 간의 구조적 변화를 탐색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 네트워크 분석을 활용, 중소기업이 어떤 부분에 노력을 집중해야 하는지 살펴본 후 관련 시사점을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 과학기술정책연구원(STEPI)이 제공하는 2022년 한국기업혁신조사 데이터를 활용, 총 924개의 중소기업 데이터를 분석에 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 디지털 전환 기술혁신형 중소기업과 전통적 중소기업의 혁신역량은 각기 달랐으며 그들의 클러스터 역시 다르게 구성된 점을 확인하였다. 그러나 내부 R&D, 품질경쟁력 등은 디지털 전환의 시기, 모든 중소기업에게 여전히 중요한 요소로 나타났다. 또한, 빅데이터, 클라우드, 인공지능, 로봇공학은 중소기업의 기술혁신역량 강화에 필요한 미래 기술이라는 점을 분석 결과 확인하였다. 이를 토대로, 본 연구의 학문 및 정책적 기여도, 후속 연구 등을 결론에 제언하였다.

Abstract

Digital transformation is a very important factor for small and medium-sized enterprises. Accordingly, SMEs must solve the challenge of accumulating technological innovation capabilities following digital transformation. This study aims to explore the structural changes between digital technology and technological innovation capabilities based on dynamic capability theory. We adopt network analysis to examine where SMEs should focus their efforts and derive related implications. This study utilized the 2022 Korean Enterprise Innovation Survey data provided by the Science and Technology Policy Institute (STEPI), and used data from a total of 924 SMEs for analysis. The results of this study confirmed that the innovation capabilities of digital transformation technology innovative SMEs and traditional SMEs were different, and that their clusters were also structured differently. However, internal R&D and product quality competitiveness remain important factors for all SMEs during the period of digital transformation. In addition, the results confirmed that big data, cloud, artificial intelligence, and robotics are future technologies necessary to strengthen the technological innovation capabilities of SMEs. Academic and policy contributions of this study and future directions of research were suggested.

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