환경요인과 배차주기를 고려한 Multi Depot Pollution Routing Problem 최적화 연구 -폐전기 · 전자제품 무상방문수거 서비스 중심으로-
A Study on Optimization of Multi Depot PRP Considering Dispatch Cycle and GHG Emissions - Based on Free Visit and Pick-up Service for Disposed Consumer Electronics -
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초록
1992년 유엔기후변화협약부터 2015년 파리협정까지 다양한 규제를 채택하는 등 기후변화 문제가 전 세계적으로 중요시됨에 따라 국내에서도 2030년까지 BAU(Business As Usual) 대비 온실가스 배출량을 37% 감축하기로 발표하였으며, 2017년부터는 노후 경유차에 대한 운행제한이 실시되고 있다. 바륨, 니켈, 베릴륨, 셀레늄, 우라늄 등 희귀 금속자원 고갈 문제 또한 중요시되고 있어 국내에서도 희귀금속 자원 회수율을 높이고자 2013년부터 전국적으로 폐전기·전자제품의 회수를 위해 무상방문수거 서비스가 시행되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 강원도를 연구범위로 설정하고, 무상방문수거 서비스 과정 중 고객으로부터 중간집하장까지의 경로를 연구 대상으로 선정하였다. 본 연구에서는 고객으로부터 폐전기·전자제품을 회수하는 중간집하장까지의 차량경로에 대해 다중 집하장 환경에서의 Vehicle Routing Problem과 온실가스 배출량을 고려한 Pollution Routing Problem 모형을 결합한 Multi Depot Pollution Routing Problem을 수거차량의 배차주기와 환경요인을 추가로 고려한 최적화된 차량경로를 제시하고자 하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 먼저 클러스터링 기법을 적용하여 각 고객들과 가까운 집하장을 분류하였으며, PRP 수리모형을 해결하기 위해 Ant Colony Optimization 알고리즘을 적용하였다. 이때, 목적 값은 엔진 출력, 속도 및 초당 연료 소모율의 세 가지 모듈로 구분하여 온실가스 배출량을 산정하는 Comprehensive Modal Emission Model을 적용하였다. 결과적으로 Multi Depot Pollution Routing Problem 환경에서 배차주기를 주 5회로 설정하였을 경우 기존보다 약 10% 온실가스 배출량이 감축되었다.
Abstract
Due to the recent climate change, global societies have tirelessly collaborated with United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992, as well as Kyoto Protocol (1997), Bali Action Plan (2007) and Paris Agreement (2015) in efforts to resolve key issues. Domestically, the South Korean government proposed to reduce 37% of greenhouse gas emission nationwide by BAU (Business As Usual) 2030. And also, in efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emission from roads, the nation targeted the city of Seoul to begin restricting the usage and operation of old diesel cars and trucks in 2017. Together with the global environmental crisis, continuing resource depletion of rare metals is another national issue that requires further consideration in South Korea. In 2013, the free visit and pick-up service for collecting disposed consumer electronics was introduced nationwide in South Korea. In this study, the Gangwon Province is selected as research boundary and the goal is the selection of optimal route between customers and middle collection center locations of the free visit and pick-up service for disposed consumer electronics based on the environment combining Multi Depot Vehicle Routing Problem with Pollution Routing Problem. In order to cluster each customer to near collection center, Ant Colony Optimization algorithm is applied. The objective value is obtained by Comprehensive Modal Emission Model which calculating greenhouse gas emission with three different modules of engine power, velocity and gas consumption rate per second. The result suggests appropriate transportation route which can minimizing the greenhouse gas emission about 10% based on assumptions within the research boundary.
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