숨바섬 고인돌에 장식된 석물과 시문된 문양에 대한 고찰

Abstract

In examining the dolmens of Sumba Island, Indonesia, what I paid attention to was the totemism shown in the stone figures decorated with poems and inscribed patterns on the dolmens. Among the dolmens located in the villages of 'Waingapu' and 'Pulau' in Sumba Island, stone pillars are placed on the left and right sides of the upper part, and various animals are displayed on the surface and upper part of the dolmen. You can see that equestrian figures and various animals were made and placed in stone. From the point of view of totemism, the fact that various animals were inscribed on dolmens on Sumba Island tells us that groups with different totems have repeatedly risen and fallen in the area. In general, when the ruling group in the area is replaced, the totem of the new ruling group gains the upper hand, so the influence of the existing totem weakens or disappears. When trying to represent such a political change, the animal that the new ruling group recognizes as the object of the totem is depicted as eating the animal worshiped by the old power. Or, when a new religion introduced from outside expands its power and gains the upper hand, a person or object related to the new religion is expressed as a figure stepping on an animal that reflects the totem of the existing power (indigenous people). However, in the dolmens of Sumba Island, animals such as turtles, birds, crocodiles, etc. are inscribed on top of the human head depicted on the top of the stone pillars placed on the left and right of the top, or various animals made of stone are placed on the top, bottom, left and right of the top of the dolmen. . The fact that the way of expression of totemism appeared in dolmens in Sumbashi is different from other regions means that the influence of totemism was strong and that totemism continued in this region for a long time. In addition, it is understood to reflect the characteristics of Indonesia, a country that is striving for harmony and unity among tribes in order to live in a community while acknowledging diversity even though there are various races, languages, and religions.