종교의복 논쟁, 제단에서 무대로: 팍스의 「순교자열전」과 말로우의 「에드워드 2세」가 재현하는 성직박탈식 연구
Vestment Controversy from Altar to Stage: Degradation Ceremonies Represented in Foxe’s Acts and Monuments and Marlowe’s Edward II
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper first examines the Vestment Controversies which erupted twice in mid-sixteenth century England, and then discusses how the conflicting Protestant perspectives to perceive and control the symbolism invested in the vestments were reflected and reproduced in John Foxe’s Acts and Monument and Christopher Marlowe’s Edward II, particularly through their adaptation and representation of the traditional Catholic ceremony of Degradation. The debate on the use of traditional vestments in reformed churches was originated from the conflicting perspectives between radical Protestants who believed the vestments as things highly symbolical as remnants of old religion, and relatively mild Protestants who viewed the vestments as meaning-ridden objects, mere clothing, or adiaphora, “things indifferent,” which the monarch had the right to impose for order’s sake. Protestant discomfort and self-contradictory understanding of the vestments were revealed in Foxe’s Acts and Monuments while he elaborates the Degradations of the very Protestant prelates involved in the first phase of Vestment Controversy, and elevates all of them as sacred martyrs. Apart from Foxe’s overt participation in Protestant cultural strategy, Christopher Marlowe adapts the logic of Degradation, in his play Edward II, to provide a festive, rather than ritualistic, moment that resolves contemporary public anxiety established through Protestant rhetoric to identify vested priests as hypocritical and threatening. Through the violent stripping of the Bishop Coventry by Gaveston, Marlowe invites audience to witness the exaggerated form of degradation, and lets them enjoy the emotional tension they might experience with socially unacceptable violence on an officially-declared enemy. Based on audience’s cultural memory largely structured as Protestant and iconoclastic, Marlowe shapes the theatrical tension by scapegoating Catholic vestments not only for the suspicious and threatening Catholics but also for what they represented in Elizabethan minds.
Abstract
This paper first examines the Vestment Controversies which erupted twice in mid-sixteenth century England, and then discusses how the conflicting Protestant perspectives to perceive and control the symbolism invested in the vestments were reflected and reproduced in John Foxe’s Acts and Monument and Christopher Marlowe’s Edward II, particularly through their adaptation and representation of the traditional Catholic ceremony of Degradation. The debate on the use of traditional vestments in reformed churches was originated from the conflicting perspectives between radical Protestants who believed the vestments as things highly symbolical as remnants of old religion, and relatively mild Protestants who viewed the vestments as meaning-ridden objects, mere clothing, or adiaphora, “things indifferent,” which the monarch had the right to impose for order’s sake. Protestant discomfort and self-contradictory understanding of the vestments were revealed in Foxe’s Acts and Monuments while he elaborates the Degradations of the very Protestant prelates involved in the first phase of Vestment Controversy, and elevates all of them as sacred martyrs. Apart from Foxe’s overt participation in Protestant cultural strategy, Christopher Marlowe adapts the logic of Degradation, in his play Edward II, to provide a festive, rather than ritualistic, moment that resolves contemporary public anxiety established through Protestant rhetoric to identify vested priests as hypocritical and threatening. Through the violent stripping of the Bishop Coventry by Gaveston, Marlowe invites audience to witness the exaggerated form of degradation, and lets them enjoy the emotional tension they might experience with socially unacceptable violence on an officially-declared enemy. Based on audience’s cultural memory largely structured as Protestant and iconoclastic, Marlowe shapes the theatrical tension by scapegoating Catholic vestments not only for the suspicious and threatening Catholics but also for what they represented in Elizabethan minds.
참고문헌 (26)
- 말로우, 크리스토퍼, "에드워드 2세: 펨브로크 백작 극단이 런던에서 무수히 공연한 그대로의 대본" (2010), 동인
- Anderson, Judith, "Translating Investments: Metaphor and the Dynamic in Cultural Change of Tudor-Stuart England" (2005), Fordham UP
- Boas, Frederick S, "University Drama in the Tudor Age" (1914), Clarendon Press
- Collinson, Patrick, "Elizabethan Puritan Movement" (1967), U of California P
- Cox, John D, "The Devil and the Sacred in English Drama, 1350-1642" (2000), Cambridge UP
- Cressy, David, "Religion and Society in Early Modern England: A Sourcebook. 2nd ed" (2005), Routledge
- "The First and Second Prayer Books of Edward VI" (1999), Prayer Book Society
- Forker, Charles R, "Edward the Second. Christopher Marlowe" (1994), Manchester UP
- "The Unabridged Acts and Monuments Online or TAMO (1583 edition)" (2011)[URL]
- Girard, René, "Violence and the Sacred" (1972), The Johns Hopkins UP
- Greenblatt, Stephen, "Learning to Curse: Essays in Early Modern Culture" (1990), Routledge
- Greenblatt, Stephen, "Shakespearean Negotiations: The Circulation of Social Energy in Renaissance England" (1988), U of California P
- Holinshed, Raphael, "The Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland"
- Hooper, John, "An Oversight and Deliberation upon the Holy Prophet Jonas. In Early Writings of John Hooper. D.d., Lord Bishop of Gloucester and Worcester, Martyr, 1555" (1843), The University Press
- Jones, Ann Rosalind, "Renaissance Clothing and the Material of Memory" (2000), Cambridge UP
- Knappen, M. M, "Tudor Puritanism: A Chapter in the History of Idealism" (1939), U of Chicago P
- Luzio, Salvatore, "Degradation. The Catholic Encyclopedia" (1908), Robert Appleton Company
- MacCulloch, Diarmaid, "The Myth of the English Reformation", Journal of British Studies, 30(1), pp.1~19 (1991)
- Mayo, Janet, "A History of Ecclesiastical Dress" (1984), Holmes & Meier Publishers
- Miller, Henry, "A Guide to Ecclesiastical Law for Churchwardens and Parishioners: With Plates Illustrating the Vestments, & c" (1898), J. F. Shaw
- Ridley, Nicholas, "Reply of Bishop Ridley to Bishop Hooper on the Vestment Controversy, 1550. In The Writings of John Bradford, M.A., Fellow of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, and Prebendary of St. Paul’s, Martyr, 1555", pp.375~395 (1853), Cambridge UP
- Shields, Joseph, "A. Deprivation of the Clerical Garb: A Historical Synopsis and a Commentary" (1958), Catholic U of America P
- Walters, H. B, "London Churches at the Reformation" (1939), Macmillan Company
- White, W. Paul, "Theatre and Reformation: Protestantism, Patronage and Playing in Tudor England" (1993), Cambridge UP
- White, W. Paul, "Drama and Religion in English Provincial Society, 1485-1660" (2008), Cambridge UP