Evidence of Intercontinental Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Virus in 2023 in Jeju Island, South Korea
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We isolated a highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, A/Northern Shoveler/Jeju/D60/2023, from a deceased shoveler in Jeju Island, South Korea, in December 2023. The isolate was genetically related to HPAIVs in North America and Japan, which have recently caused a pandemic. Phylogeographic analysis showed that the isolated H5N1 virus had a different origin compared to those recently reported in the mainland of South Korea, with the HA and NA gene segments closely related to those from Japan and North America, respectively. This finding highlights the multi-faceted introduction of the genetically distinct HPAIV H5N1 into South Korea and provides potential evidence of intercontinental transmission between North America and East Asia.
Abstract
We isolated a highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (HPAIV) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, A/Northern Shoveler/Jeju/D60/2023, from a deceased shoveler in Jeju Island, South Korea, in December 2023. The isolate was genetically related to HPAIVs in North America and Japan, which have recently caused a pandemic. Phylogeographic analysis showed that the isolated H5N1 virus had a different origin compared to those recently reported in the mainland of South Korea, with the HA and NA gene segments closely related to those from Japan and North America, respectively. This finding highlights the multi-faceted introduction of the genetically distinct HPAIV H5N1 into South Korea and provides potential evidence of intercontinental transmission between North America and East Asia.