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로컬평화의 전망과 한계: 포스트자유주의 관점을 중심으로

Prospects and Limitations of Local Peace: Postliberal Perspectives

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로컬평화란 무엇인가? 이 글은 포스트자유주의자들이 제안한 ‘로컬 턴’의 준칙에 입각해 로컬평화의 이론적 배경, 특징, 한계를 비판적으로 검토한다. 이로써 국내에서 증대되는 로컬평화에 대한 논의를 열고 이 담론의 확장에 기여하고자 한다. 필자는 이 글에서 로컬평화가 20세기 평화인식과 21세기 평화구축에서 주변화되어 온 로컬리티와 로컬주체성을 효과적이고 정의로운 평화구축 전략으로 재해석한 해방적 평화이론임을 밝힌다. 그리고 분쟁해결과정에서 나타나는 로컬오너십, 로컬의 정체성과 행위문화가 발현되는 일상성, 글로벌 행위자들과 맺는 다양한 관계방식을 이 평화론의 주요 특징임을 설명한다. 한편, 필자는 로컬평화가 갖는 로컬에 대한 낭만화, 이분법적 인식, 이론가들의 이중 잣대가 이 평화론의 결정적인 한계라고 평가한다. 결론적으로 필자는 로컬평화가 해방적 평화형성에 기여하기 위해서는 로컬에 대한 가치중립과 참여적 방법론이 필요하다고 주장함으로써 이 글을 마무리 한다.

Abstract

What is local peace? This article explores the theoretical backgrounds, characteristics, and limitations of local peace theory through the lens of ‘the local turn’ proposed by postliberalists. By doing so, it fosters the interest of the theory and contributes to the expansion of the discourse. The author addresses that local peace is the emancipatory peace theory that reinterprets locality and local agency, which have been marginalized in the traditional peace discourse, for effective and justice peacebuilding strategies. It is also clarified that local ownership, the everyday, and relationship with global actors are the key features of the theory. Meanwhile, the author evaluates that the romanticization of the local, binary perception of the local, and theorists’ double standards restrict the theory. The paper concludes that for local peace to be more emancipatory, theorists need to aim at value-neutrality and perform participatory methodology.

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