현대 태권도의 원류, 송무관의 창립에 관한 연구

Abstract

The establishment of Songmoo-gwan, one of the five martial art schools(五大館), played an important role in the origin of modern Taekwondo history. Therefore, this information is included in the Kukkiwon Taekwondo promotional materials and teacher training materials. However, an issue still remains due to there being three theories regarding the date that Songmoo-gwan was established. The period of when Songmoo-gwan was established can be regarded as important historical knowledge due to its relation with the first recording of modern martial arts. Thus, this study is a much needed academic task in order to provide accurate and precise taekwondo history. The purpose of this study is to establish an objective and valid modern Taekwondo history by clarifying the establishment date of Songmoo-gwan. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the following three detailed questions will be considered. First, what are the existing theories regarding the establishment of Songmoo-gwan? Second, what facts do the four primary sources provide as evidence for the establishment of Songmoo-gwan? Third, how will we objectively judge the establishment of Songmoo-gwan? These three questions will be discussed by using historical and analytical research methods. The existing theory regarding the establishment of Songmoo-gwan suggests that Roh Byeongjik, the founder of Songmoo-gwan started temporary personal teaching during the Japanese annexation of Korea. In this regard, instead of an establishment of a school it is more accurate to say that Roh Byeongjik established an indoor training hall where he provided martial art training and developed a management system.Considering this point and also in accordance to the four primary sources-three newspaper articles and one photograph- the opening and founding date of Songmoo-gwan was identified as the following. Songmoo-gwan, based in Gaeseong city, began a martial art class on September 20, 1947 at the Southern Judo Hall in Dongheung-dong (formerly known as Dongbonjeong). On November 16, a grand opening ceremony was held at Songdo Middle School Auditorium. This fact was based on three newspaper articles and one photopraph. In other words, the primary sources that convey objective facts have become the main clues behind the establishment of Songmoo-gwan and its founding date. Due to evidence suggesting that Roh Byeongjik, the founder of Songmoo-gwan started his training in a Gwandeok-jeong, aswell as five other detailed reasons it is difficult to suggest that Roh Byeongjik established a school during the Japanese annexation of Korea.