水雲 崔濟愚와 長素 康有爲의 儒敎觀

Abstract

In the transition period in which Korea and China face the early modern era through a turbulence period, Choi-Jewoo(1824-1864) in Korea and Kang-Youwei(1858-1927) in China recognized the cause of the current world's chaos and tried to solve it. This period was in extreme crisis due to chaos from the external plunder of Western imperialism and internal collapse of Confucian values that formed feudal values. They sought solution from the primitive Confucianism focusing on Ojae(五帝) and Ha-eunju Samdae(夏殷周 三代) spirit and Confucius. Based on such periodic background, Suwun(水雲) and Chángsù(長素) developed a new religion movement of Donghak Movement(東學運動) and Confucianism Movement(孔子敎運動) that considered Confucianism as the best value. They worked in different times, and the ideological tendency has difference. Nevertheless, analysis and comparison of similar types of phenomena occurred in different time and space broaden perspective and thought, as well as present historical connection and essence with a major step, helping to find the rule of historical development. Thus, the present writer compared and examined Suwun's Donghak-sasang and Chángsù's Daedong-sasang focusing on the similarities and differences of Confucian ideas immanent in them. This is because they emphasized the ancient(遠古) Confucianism of Confucius, among which there is a similarity in that they criticized Joori theory(主理論) Neo-Confucianism and accepted Joogi theory(主氣論). Suwun and Chángsù reinterpreted the essential value and positive function of Confucianism through ancient materials(遠古) including Confucius, and overcome the limitation of the existing Confucianism by reproducing Joogi Theory ideas of Neo-Confucianism. Also, their thoughts on 'ancient-oriented' and 'Joogi theory acceptance' can be the clue for solving problems of reality and future that pursue a community of human rights, gender equality, courtesy, politics, and economy in the situation of "Confucian capitalism, Confucian socialism, Confucian revival theory". These ideas of Suwun and Chángsù were severly criticized by feudal, extremely conservative force. In the end, Suwun was executed and Chángsù took asylum. Their arguments faced the criticism of extremely conservative force because of the attack on feudalism. The ideas of pioneers were criticized and brought down by the privileged, but had significance in giving motivation for the oppressed and suppressed people to be aware of self-respect.