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자폐 스펙트럼 장애와 주의력 결핍 과잉행동 장애 집단 간실행기능 비교: 최근 10년간 해외 논문 개관

Differences in executive function between ASD and ADHD: A review of studies from the past 10 years

이정연|권미경|박지우
인지발달중재학회 (The Society for Cognitive Enhancement and Intervention)|2021.06|인지발달중재학회지 (Journal of cognitive Enhancement and Intervention)|제12권 제2호|pp. 49-69|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.21197/JCEI.12.2.3

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참고문헌

키워드

실행기능주의력 결핍 과잉행동 장애Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderAutism Spectrum Disorder자폐 스펙트럼 장애Executive Function
주제분류심리과학

초록

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 자폐 스펙트럼 장애 (Autism Spectrum Disorder, [ASD]) 집단과 주의력 결핍 과잉 행동 장애(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, [ADHD]) 집단 간의 실행기능 차이에 관한 최근 연구를 개관 하는 것이다. 구체적으로 실행기능의 하위 영역별 두 집단 간 차이를 개관하였으며, 복수의 실행기능 과제를 사용한 동일 연구 내에서 집단 간 차이가 일관적으로 관찰되는지 살펴보았다. 연구방법: 본 연구는 EBSCO, PsycInfo, PubMed 데이터베이스를 기반으로 최근 10년간의 실행기능 행동 연구 보고 검사를 다룬 해외 논문을 중심으로 ASD 집단과 ADHD 집단의 수행을 비교한 논문들을 개관하였다. 총 16편의 논문을 최종 분석에 포함하였으며, 7개의 실행기능 하위 영역별로 집단 간 비교결과를 개관하고, 2개이상의 과제를 사용한 동일 논문 내에서의 결과를 비교하였다. 연구결과: 하위 영역별로 분석한 결과, ASD 집단과 ADHD 집단의 수행 차이 결과의 혼재성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 혼재성은 동일 하위 영역 내에서뿐만 아니라 동일 과제에서도 나타났다. 또한, 2개 이상의 실행 과제를 사용한 논문을 추가로 분석한 결과, 동일한 참가자가 참석한 연구임에도 불구하고 실행기능 과제 별로 집단 간 차이의 경향성이 항상 동일하지는 않으며, 동일 연구 내에서 반대의 경향성도 나올 수 있음을 발견하였다. 결론: ASD 집단과 ADHD 집단 간 실행기능의 비교결과는 연구간뿐만 아니라 동일 연구 내에서도 다양한 경향성을 보인다. 따라서 연구자 및 현장 종사자들은 각 집단에 대한 단일 연구결과에만 의존할 것이 아니라 개인의 특성에 주의를 기울이는 자세가 필요하다.

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to explore differences in Executive Functions (EFs) between the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) groups as reported by recent studies. We reviewed recent findings on group differences in main EF components and examined whether the patterns of group differences are consistent across tasks within the same studies. Methods: Using EBSCO, PsycInfo, and PubMed, we collected peer-reviewed papers that used either behavioral or parental report methods to assess the EFs of ASD and ADHD populations, which were published in international journals from 2011 to 2020. A total of 16 studies were included in our final sample. We divided the recent findings on group differences into 7 EF categories. We also examined whether the patterns of group differences are consistent within the same studies by comparing studies that included more than one EF task. Results: We found high inconsistency in EF group differences among the studies and tasks. The patterns of group differences identified were not always identical even within the same tasks. Furthermore, we found mixed results across EF tasks within the same studies, even when the same subjects were used within each study. Conclusions: In conclusion, there is high inconsistency in EF differences between ASD and ADHD, not only among different studies but also across tasks within the same studies. Thus, researchers and psychologists should consider individual differences rather than relying on a single research finding to determine EF group differences.

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