바울의 선교적 구약 사용: 바울의 구약 사용 연구를 위한 방법론적 재고찰과 제안 －고린도후서 3:1-6의 예증을 통한 방법론적 재고찰과 제안
Paul’s Missional Use of Scripture – Methodological Reconsideration and Suggestion with Reference to 2 Cor 3:1-6
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그간 바울의 구약 사용을 연구해 온 학자들은 선교사 바울이 그레꼬-로마 문화 속에서 살아 온 이방인 회심자들을 대상으로 구약을 사용하였다는 사실의 중요성을 충분히 고려하지 못했다. 즉, 바울은 구약성경을 지배적인 문화적 상징으로 삼고 형성된 유대인들의 세계가 아닌 다른 세계에서 살아 온 청중들을 향해 구약성경을 사용하였는데, 바로 이 다문화간 의사전달이라는 상황 자체가 야기하는 불가피한 제한과 도전들이 그의 구약 사용에 미치는 구체적 영향에 대해서 별다른 주의를 기울이지 못했다는 말이다. 이 논문은 우선 이러한 선교적 상황 속에서의 커뮤니케이션이 던지는 도전에 대해서 바울이 효과적으로 대응했으리라는 것을 전제한다면, 바울의 구약 사용에 대한 현재의 접근들이 약간의 방법론적인 결함을 가진다는 점을 지적하고자 한다. 그리고, 다문화간에서 이루어지는 선교사들의 커뮤니케이션이 가지는 특징들을 방법론적으로 가미하여, 바울의 구약 사용 연구를 위한 대안적인 접근을 제시하고자 한다. 선교학과 뉴-레토릭으로 부터 빌려 온 방법론적인 통찰을 근거로 필자는 바울의 구약 사용을 (1)그리스도를 중심으로 하는 바울의 종말론적 재해석에서부터 (2)선교사로서 그 재해석을 상황화하기까지에 이르는 일련의 과정으로 보고자 한다. 그리고, 제시한 접근을 고린도후서 3:1-6에 나타나는 바울의 구약 사용에 적용함으로써 그 유용성을 짧게나마 보이고자 한다.
Abstract
New Testament scholars have generally dealt with Paul's use of Scripture without fully taking into account the fact that Paul was a cross-cultural missionary, persuader to the Gentiles. This means that the scholars have not paid due attention to the universal challenges and responses that every cross-cultural missional context evokes. By highlighting the challenges and responses, this article discusses how we can better understand the particular form and emphasis of Paul's use of Scripture. Therefore, the main concern of this article is hermeneutical and methodological. If we acknowledge that Paul's use of Scripture is a cross-cultural missional, communicative phenomenon, we need to move beyond the current emphasis that Paul reinterpreted Scripture in the light of Christ event within the Jewish, apocalyptic context. Along with his Christotelic reinterpretation of Scripture, Paul was also concerned with persuading his audience through effective communication of the scriptures. Inevitably this concern led Paul to contextualize the scriptures for his Gentile audience. In his missional, rhetorical use of Scripture, Paul was not only communicating his own interpretive judgments; he was also recasting Scripture, taking into account his Greco-Roman audience's social, cultural, and religious context, their current needs and concerns, and their level of biblical knowledge. This article proposes an alternative approach by drawing on the practical and theoretical insights of missiology and the New Rhetoric,both of which have pointed out the significance of the communicator's formulating and delivering a message by taking into account the audience's context. In essence, the alternative approach conceptualizes Paul's use of Scripture as an interpretive process of contextualizing a deep, Christotelic understanding of Scripture for newly converted Greco-Roman audiences. This conceptualization requires us to read Paul's use of Scripture in two stages with two different hermeneutical strategies; Paul-centered reading and contextualized reading. The proposed approach is applied to Paul's use of Scripture in 2 Cor 3:1-6. This application shows that while Paul's native and fundamental stance on many issues may be framed in terms of his Christotelic understanding of Scripture, his expression and development of that fundamental stance in his letter to his church is strongly affected by his mission of persuasion.
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