예수의 구약 해석 - 마가복음을 중심으로 -

Abstract

Jesus’ Interpretation of Scripture - A Study of the Gospel of Mark - Yoon-Man Park(Daeshin University) Jesus incorporates and makes use of Scripture mainly by use of three characteristics which are authoritative, embodied, and subversive. The characteristics of authoritative reading is demonstrated in the Sabbath controversy. Jesus makes direct references to the story of David(I Samuel 21:1-6) in order to justify the actions of his disciples. And through the use of this reference, which consists of David authority, which was bestowed upon him via being anointed, being used to protect and shield his companies’ illegal actions, Jesus argues that his disciples actions can thus be justified because they were with him and their deeds were made for the benefit of Jesus. In addition, Jesus argues that the disciples deeds which may seem heretical on the day of Sabbath can be justified based on God’s original intentions for the Sabbath day which emphasize that the Sabbath is for the benefit of human beings. Jesus identifies himself with “the Son of Man”, and pronounces that he is able to interpret the true meaning of Sabbath by the authority of the Son of Man. The embodied way of reading the Old Testament is made clear in the conversation with the rich man(10:17-31). Jesus suggests keeping the Ten Commandments to the man who raises the question of what he should do to inherit the eternal life. But after hearing that he had kept them the commandments from his childhood, Jesus calls him to follow him after selling and giving all that he had. The soteriological implication beyond ethics is made clear in Jesus’ suggestion. This is because keeping of the commandments was understood as a way of securing eternal life and wealth was considered to be a sign of the blessing of God which would be given to the well-keeper of the Torah. Instead, Jesus proposes that the way to eternal life is to be a follower of his own, forsaking an attempt to keep the soteriological sense of security in terms of obtaining the wealth. It is clear that the belief that he is the eschatological revealer of God who does not only know Gods will perfectly but also acts according to it must be behind his proposition that following him is a way of obtaining eternal life. The subversive way of reading of Scripture is demonstrated in the parables of ‘the seed growing by itself’(4:26-29) and ‘the mustard seed’(4:30-32), each of which refer to texts respectively from Joel (3:12-13) and Daniel (4:11-12). The parable of the seed growing by itself is focused on the sovereignty of God and the parable of the mustard seed is mainly concerned about demonstrating the power of the kingdom of God which grows beyond human expectations. Such an emphasis on God’s sovereignty is highlighted by incorporating into Jesus’ own discourse texts from the Old testament which are at the end of each parable. In the parable of the seed growing by itself, Jesus changes the metaphor of harvest from God’s judgment of nations (Joel 3:12-13) to that of harvest for God’s grace. The ‘big tree’ with shelter for many birds and animals (Daniel 4:11-12), of which Jesus uses in the parable of the mustard seed, originally refers to king Nebuchadnezzar who brought the Israelites into Babylon as captives. But Jesus makes use of the parable to refer to the kingdom of God which he proclaims and under which many nations find shelter. In such a subversive reading Jesus shows that the kingdom of God progresses towards its fulfillment by itself and beyond human expectations. Finally, the present study makes an attempt to show that the source of Jesus’ distinctive interpretation of Scripture is his self-understanding as an eschatological revealer of God’s will.