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‘너희 마음에 떠오르기까지’: 베드로후서 1:19에 나타난 ‘기다림’의 해석학(解釋學)

“Until the Morning Star Arises in Your Hearts”: A Hermeneutics of ‘Attentive Waiting’ as Taught in 2 Peter 1:19

채영삼
한국복음주의신약학회 (Korean Evangelical Society of New Testament Studies)|2011.09|신약연구 (Korean Evangelical New Testament Sudies)|제10권 제3호|pp. 689-730|DOI 10.24229/kents.2011.10.3.010

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키워드

이단예언prophecy해석학계시revelation종말hermeneuticseschatology재림the Second Coming성령의 조명베드로후서2 Peter거짓선지자거짓교사hereticsfalse prophetsfalse teachersHoly Spirit’s illumination.

초록

The meaning of 2 Pet 1:19 puzzles many in various aspects. What does it mean that "until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts"? The phrase such as 'the day dawns' and 'the morning star rises' seem to indicate the future parousia and final judgement especially against the backdrop of 2 Peter's opponents, the false prophets and false teachers(2:1-3). However, the phrase, 'in your hearts' throws the whole verse into troublesome arguments: How would those eschatological-futuristic events occur 'in your hearts'?The solutions vary as to how one deals with the phrase, 'in your heart.' Terrence Callan associates the phrase with v. 20, not with v. 19, thus avoiding the question itself. Some take v. 19 referring to the 'objective-historical' future events, while others to 'subjective-spiritual' inner experiences. Recently R. Bauchkam and others interpret v. 19 in light of 1 Cor 13:8-10, i.e., when Jesus returns and judges(thus, futuristic- objective), there shall be no need for the prophetic words while Jesus himself shines upon in their hearts. But, why still 'in your hearts'? This article finds no sufficient answers in these views, and takes v. 19 referring to the Scriptures' present illumination to the hearts of the readers in the view of the sure futuristic eschatological events. Particularly, the story of Transfiguration in 1:12-18 is linked to v. 19 in the terms of comparison, 'more certain'(bebaio,teron), which also troubles many who would not accept the eschatological event in Transfiguration could be 'less certain' than the written scriptures. Yet, the opponents in 2 Peter likely erred in their treating the prophetic words of the scriptures. This is why 'Peter' links v. 19 with vv. 20-21 in which he asserts not only the divine origin of the prophetic words and their divine process of interpretation. In other words, the false prophets and teachers in 2 Peter read the words regarding the eschaton in the way of ivdi,aj, namely, regarding the interpreters as the source and the hermeneutical key to the prophetic words. This article concludes that 2 Peter suggests, in chapter 1 as a whole, a hermeneutics of 'attentive waiting' which I believe has been neglected not only by the opponents of 2 Peter but by a lot of modern/postmodern hermeneutics. 2 Peter 1:19 teaches that it is not the interpreters who bring the text to the light, but the scriptures that cast the darkness out in their hearts. Thus, wait attentively(!) until the scriptures illumine your hearts, and until the end comes.

Abstract

The meaning of 2 Pet 1:19 puzzles many in various aspects. What does it mean that "until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts"? The phrase such as 'the day dawns' and 'the morning star rises' seem to indicate the future parousia and final judgement especially against the backdrop of 2 Peter's opponents, the false prophets and false teachers(2:1-3). However, the phrase, 'in your hearts' throws the whole verse into troublesome arguments: How would those eschatological-futuristic events occur 'in your hearts'?The solutions vary as to how one deals with the phrase, 'in your heart.' Terrence Callan associates the phrase with v. 20, not with v. 19, thus avoiding the question itself. Some take v. 19 referring to the 'objective-historical' future events, while others to 'subjective-spiritual' inner experiences. Recently R. Bauchkam and others interpret v. 19 in light of 1 Cor 13:8-10, i.e., when Jesus returns and judges(thus, futuristic- objective), there shall be no need for the prophetic words while Jesus himself shines upon in their hearts. But, why still 'in your hearts'? This article finds no sufficient answers in these views, and takes v. 19 referring to the Scriptures' present illumination to the hearts of the readers in the view of the sure futuristic eschatological events. Particularly, the story of Transfiguration in 1:12-18 is linked to v. 19 in the terms of comparison, 'more certain'(bebaio,teron), which also troubles many who would not accept the eschatological event in Transfiguration could be 'less certain' than the written scriptures. Yet, the opponents in 2 Peter likely erred in their treating the prophetic words of the scriptures. This is why 'Peter' links v. 19 with vv. 20-21 in which he asserts not only the divine origin of the prophetic words and their divine process of interpretation. In other words, the false prophets and teachers in 2 Peter read the words regarding the eschaton in the way of ivdi,aj, namely, regarding the interpreters as the source and the hermeneutical key to the prophetic words. This article concludes that 2 Peter suggests, in chapter 1 as a whole, a hermeneutics of 'attentive waiting' which I believe has been neglected not only by the opponents of 2 Peter but by a lot of modern/postmodern hermeneutics. 2 Peter 1:19 teaches that it is not the interpreters who bring the text to the light, but the scriptures that cast the darkness out in their hearts. Thus, wait attentively(!) until the scriptures illumine your hearts, and until the end comes.

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