안식일과 질병 치유: 마가복음 3:1-6 주해와 역사적 진정성 논증
Jesus, the Sabbath and Healing - The Historical Jesus in Mark 3:1-6
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안식일 계명은 출애굽 정신을 따라 노예를 하루 쉬도록 명한다(출20:10; 신 5:14-15). 예수는 이 정신에 따라 병자를 질병으로부터 해방시키는 사역을 안식일에 행하셨다. 하지만 예수 당시 유대교는 안식일에 목숨이 위험하지 않은 질병을 치유하는 것을 허용하지 않았다. 2세기부터 몇몇 랍비들이 이를 허용하기 시작했으나, 유대교의주류는 여전히 금지 입장을 견지했다. 따라서 안식일에 치유를 허용하는 예수의 가르침은 당시 유대교의 영향을 받지 않았고, 비유사성의 기준에 따라 역사적 진정성을 가진 말씀이라고 볼 수 있다. 또한출애굽기 14:16에서처럼 마가복음 3:1-6의 예수는 ‘손을 내밀어라’ 고 명하실 뿐 아니라, 그 본문에서 발견되는 ‘한 가운데로’와 ‘회복되었다’는 표현도 출애굽기 14:16, 22, 23, 27(LXX)을 연상시킨다는점에서 예수의 질병 치유는 새로운 출애굽 사건이다. 최근 마가복음3:1-6의 역사적 진정성을 의심하는 주장이 제시되었다(N. L. Collins). 하지만 마가가 전수 받은 전통에 담긴 표현을 자신의 문체로 바꾸지않고 있는 그대로 전달하려 했음을 고려함으로써 마가복음 3:1-6의 역사적 진정성이 변증된다.
Abstract
The Jewish halakhic tradition allowed deeds for saving life on the Sabbath. Healing activities in general, however, were not allowed unless life was in danger without a immediate intervention. The prohibition was effective during the time of Jesus even though from the 2nd century some rabbis began to allow it. Based on the fact that Jesus’ action and teaching on the healing on the Sabbath was dissimilar to his contemporary Judaism, it can be regarded as being historically authentic. The Sabbath commandment helped the Israelites to reenact the significance of Exodus by liberating their slaves every seventh day (Exod 20:10; Deut 5:14-15). Likewise Jesus liberated the sick from disease on the Sabbath to the effect of fulfilling God's salvific grace toward Israel. Mark describes Jesus’ healing activity as a new Exodus by using the very vocabulary found in Exodus 14:16, 22, 23, 27 (LXX), such as ‘stretching out the hand,’ ‘into the middle,’ and ‘being restored’. According to Collins’s claim Mark 3:6 is not in accordance with the Marcan style and thus a later addition by a copyist. Such a style, however, can also be evidence for Marcan use of tradition. Her evidence merely proves that Mark 3:6 is not Marcan redactional creation. It does not refute its historicity nor prove its creation by a copyist.
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