히브리서 4:12-13의 ὁ λόγος와 “전쟁-안식-제의” 모티프
The ὁ λόγος (Word) of Hebrews 4:12-13 and the Motif of “War-Rest-Cult”
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이 논문에서 우리는 히브리서 4:12-13에서 하나님의 전투 이미지가 나타나고 있음을 논의할 것이다. 히브리서 저자는 “안식으로 들어가기를 힘쓰라”(히 3:7-4:11)는 권면과 함께 전쟁 이미지(히 4:12-13) 를 묘사하고 있다. 이어서 예수께서 대제사장으로 등극(히 4:14-16) 하는 모습을 보여준다. 히브리서 전체에서 전쟁을 통한 승리, 안식이미지 이후 왕으로 메시아적 이미지로 그리스도께서 등극하는 모습이 겹쳐져서 나타나는 것을 고려할 때, 히브리서 4:12-13은 하나님의전쟁 이미지와 관련될 수 있다. 히브리서는 시편 110편(109 LXX)을인용하여 ‘만물을 그 발 아래 복종하게 하시고 그리스도께서 대제사장으로 등극’하는 이미지가 계속해서 나타나고 있다(히 1:2-4; 7:26-28; 8:1-6; 9:11-28; 10:12-14, 19-21; 12:2-3). 이러한 전투 이미지(히 4:12-13)가 묘사되고 있는 가운데 그리스도께서 대제사장으로승천하신 분(히 4:14)으로 등장하고 있는 것은 저자가 1세기 당시일련의 유대전승을 공유하고 있다는 사실을 함의한다. 히브리서의제의적 모티프는 “전쟁-안식-제의”라는 삼중의 패턴을 형성하여 하나의 이야기를 만들고 있다. 이러한 세 가지 개념을 하나의 이야기속에서 다루고 있는 것은 선행하는 전통에서 비롯된 것으로 히브리서의 핵심 주제를 형성하고 있다. 이를 논증하기 위하여 구약성경여호수아 6장에 나타난 여리고성 전투와 제2성전기 유대문헌 1QM 을 고려하였다. 이러한 읽기는 히브리서 전체의 논리와 가장 자연스럽게 연결된다. 최근 학자들의 주장처럼 본 단락을 단순한 심판의문맥으로 이해하거나 히브리서 4:12-13절 이후 이어지는 대제사장에관한 논의(히 4:14-15)를 별도의 구분된 단락으로 바라볼 이유를 없게 한다. 저자의 목회적 관심은 그리스도의 속죄적 죽음이라는 승리의 사건이 약속의 성취(안식)를 가져왔다는 합리적인 추론에 이르게 한다.
Abstract
In this paper, we will discuss the portrayal of God's warfare imagery in Hebrews 4:12-13. The author of Hebrews, along with the exhortation to “strive to enter that rest” (Hebrews 3:7-4:11), depicts an image of warfare in Hebrews 4:12-13. Following this, the author presents Jesus ascending as a high priest (Hebrews 4:14-16). While the overall context of Hebrews, where the themes of victory through warfare overlaps with the imagery of rest, and Christ’s ascent as a Messianic king imagery, it will be also considered that Hebrews 4:12-13 can be understood in connection with God’s imagery of warfare. Hebrews repeatedly presents the imagery of Christ's ascension as a high priest and the subjugation of all things under His feet by quoting Psalm 110 (LXX 109). This imagery is consistently referenced in Hebrews (Hebrews 1:2-4; 7:26-28; 8:1-6; 9:11-28; 10:12-14, 19-21; 12:2-3). Amidst the portrayal of this battle image (Hebrews 4:12-13), Christ appears as the one who ascended as the high priest (Hebrews 4:14), implying that the author shares early Jewish traditions. The cultic motif of Hebrews forms a triple pattern of “war-rest-cult” to form one story. Addressing these three concepts within a single narrative originates from preceding traditions, shaping the core theme of Hebrews. To argue this, the battle of Jericho in Joshua 6 and the second temple Jewish document 1QM were considered. This reading fits naturally with the overall framework of Hebrews. By this reading, it is not necessary to view Hebrews 4:12-13 merely as a context of judgment and also Hebrews 4:14-15 following Hebrews 4:12-13 as a separate section discussing the high priest, as argued by some recent scholars. Thus, the author’s pastoral interest leads to a reasonable inference that the event of Christ's sacrificial death brought about the fulfillment of the promise (rest) through victory.
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