미 공군의 중앙집권적 항공력 통제 교리 확립과정 분석: 경험, 이론, 기술적 요인을 중심으로
Analysis of Change in Command and Control Doctrine of the USAF : Focusing on the Experience, Theory, and Technology
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‘중앙집권적 통제’는 공군 독립의 논리적 토대를 제공해 주었던 항공력 운용 원칙으로서, 대한민국을 포함한 다수의 공군이 채택하고 있는 항공력 지휘 통제의 핵심군사교리이다. 기술이 발전하고 전쟁 수행방식이 진화하면서 항공력의 중앙집권적통제에 대한 의문이 지속 제기되어 왔음에도, 미 공군은 해당 교리를 항공력 운용의원칙으로 70여 년 가까이 고수해 왔다. 그러나 중앙집권적 통제의 무용론을 주장하는 이들은 이미 ‘전쟁의 원칙’에 ‘지휘 통일의 원칙’이 있으므로 공군만 ‘지휘 통일의원칙’에 추가로 ‘중앙집권적 통제’ 필요성을 주장하는 것은 타당하지 않다고 반박한다. 따라서, 본 연구는 미 공군 지휘통제 교리의 핵심 원칙인 항공력에 대한 ‘중앙집권적 통제’가 확립되는 데 영향을 끼친 요인을 분석한다. ‘중앙집권적 통제’가 확립되어 온 과정을 살펴보고 그 의미를 명확히 한다면 한국공군 지휘통제교리 발전에도 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 미 공군이 지목한 교리발전 영향요인(경험, 이론, 기술) 중 경험적 측면에서는 ‘전쟁 사례’를, 이론적 측면에서는 싸우는 방법에 영향을 끼쳤거나 끼치게 될 ‘전쟁수행이론’을, 그리고 전쟁 양상 변화에 영향을 준 ‘기술적 발전’을 분석 틀로 설정하였다. 연구를 통해 항공력에 대한 중앙집권적 통제 교리 확립에 영향을 미친 경험, 이론, 기술적 요인을 정리하고 그 의미를 명확히 하고자 한다.
Abstract
‘Centralized control’, the air power operation doctrine that provided a logical foundation for the Air Force independence, is a core military doctrine of air power C2 that multiple Air Forces including ROKAF have adopted. Despite the question about centralized control of air power as technology develops and the way in which a war is carried out changes, the USAF has stuck to this doctrine for almost 70 years. Therefore, this study analyzes the main factors that have affected the establishment of the key C2 doctrine of the USAF, ‘centralized control’. As a analysis frame, this study sets ‘war cases’ in the experience aspect, ‘warfighting theory’ that affected or would affect how to fight in the theoretical aspect, and ‘technical development’ that influenced changes in war patterns. The goal of this study is to organize experience, theory, and technical factors that have affected the establishment of centralized control doctrine and clearly define the meanings of them.
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