GIS 공간보간법을 이용한 도성유적의 지형 복원- 풍납토성, 신라 왕경을 중심으로 -

Abstract

Both archaeological and historical research fields, research on the ancient capitalcity of Baekje and Silla has concentrated on specific issues, such as the establishmentof location of royal capital of the Hanseong Baekje Phase, the grid system diffused fromChina, spatial structure and city planning. Before the 1980s, studies on the ancient citieswere conducted by using historical records. Since then, research on spatial structure ofancient capital city planning has been based on archaeological data, because excavations ofSeoul, Buyeo and Gyeongju have revealed many town sites including living places and roadfeatures. However, such studies has focused on two dimensional spatial distribution pattern;thus they have limited achievement because these are not based on the three dimensionaltopographic space that might greatly influence on the development of cities and cityplanning. The topographical condition might be the important factor for establishing spatialcontrol system and efficient city planning and maintenance. Therefore, research that aimsto reconstruct the spatial structure of the capital city should be based on the restoredtopography. Recent excavations of the Pungnaptoseong Earthen Walled Town Site in Baekjeand the Wanggyeong Site in Silla have provided important data, such as the locationof cultural layers and altitude above sea level of the old surface. This paper attempts torestore topography of the Pungnaptoseong and Wanggyeong sites, which were apparentlyroyal capital of Baekje in the Hanseong Phase and the Unified Silla respectively. In orderto restore topography, kriging interpolation technique was adopted; and restoring maps oftopography was produced by using relevant function models. The restored topography shows that the Pungnaptoseong Earthen Walled Townconsisted of two low flat hills. In this site, the Royal Shrine and Palace District wasclosed to the transport route and the best geographical positions; and the residentialspace of high-ranking officials was placed on the good location for living space. Thereforethese demonstrates the distinctive spatial patterns based on social ranks and function offacilities. Differently with the contemporary topography, the Seonggeon-dong, Seobu-dong and Noseo-dong areas of the Wanggyeong site, where were the main residential areas ofthe Unified Silla Period, were even land. Considering such geographical factors and thedistribution patterns of recently excavated road features, it was highly possible that thegrid system of the Wanggyeong site was not planned by perfect grid structure that therestoration drawing of the Wanggyeong site described.