경주 탑동 적석목곽묘의 구조적 요소와 특징

Abstract

Academic investigations into the stone wooden chamber tombs encompass a spectrum of dimensions, including 'origin and ancestry,' 'concept and category,' 'occurrence and development process,' and 'structure and construction process. 'Diverse research topics within this domain encompass 'excavated artifacts,' 'ancestral rites and hierarchy,' and 'mounds.' The trajectory of research in this field has evolved in response to ongoing excavations, marking a discernible shift in scholarly focus. In recent times, a myriad of stone wooden chamber tombs have been unearthed, not only within the Hwangseong-dong tomb group, Oreung, Tapdong tomb group, Bomun-dong tomb group, Geumcheok-ri tomb group, Bangnae tomb group, Sarari tomb group, Deokcheon-ri tomb group, Gueo-ri tomb group, Sabang-ri tomb group, and Angye-ri tomb group but also within the Gyeongju central tomb group (specifically the Daereungwon area), characterized by the concentration of substantial ancient tombs. The Gyeongju central tomb exhibits an overwhelming scale, shape, structure, meaning, quantity of relics, and hierarchy in comparison to neighboring tomb groups. Consequently, a predominant focus in research on stone wooden chamber tombs has been directed toward the Gyeongju central tomb group. However, recognizing the importance of encompassing both the Gyeongju central tomb group and its surrounding areas, which share the same historical context, becomes imperative for a comprehensive understanding of Silla society. Consequently, this study seeks to elucidate the structural elements and distinctive characteristics of stone wooden chamber tombs within the Top-dong Ancient Tombs, situated to the south of the Gyeongju central tomb group. The stone wooden chamber tombs within the Top-dong region underwent significant construction activity primarily during the mid to late 5th century, persisting untilthe initial half of the 6th century, and extending into the middle of that century. The adoption of stone wooden chamber tombs by the uppermost social stratum, exemplified by the Hwangnamdae Tomb, marked the initiation of their construction within the Top-dong area. Despite the discernible disparity in scale and hierarchical importance of recovered artifacts between Top-dong Ancient Tombs and the Gyeongju central tomb group, the construction methodology and structural elements evident in Top-dong Ancient Tombs exhibit a noteworthy resemblance to those observed in the Gyeongju central tomb group. Nevertheless, within the Top-dong tomb group, a confirmed diversity in intricate construction methods and a distinctive modification in tomb shape are identified, distinguishing it from the Gyeongju central tomb group. This inference suggests that the adoption of the tomb type was likely a result of autonomous decision-making rather than being compelled during the selection of the subsequent construction method. Following the tomb type selection, the traditional construction method is adhered to throughout the construction process. However, it is evident that stone wooden chamber tombs manifest in diverse forms based on the preferences and decisions of tomb builders, as well as the prevailing material supply and demand conditions during the construction period. The fact that wooden tombs and stone tombs were discovered even during the same period is believed to indicate that social autonomy was granted in the selection and construction of tombs. This appears to have resulted in a social consensus that allows for some degree of diversity in the construction of tombs, which can be considered conservative. This appears to have resulted in a social consensus that allows for some degree of diversity in the construction of tombs, which can be considered conservative.