Pastoral Theology through Bodily Selves in the Time of Individuality: A Phenomenological Inquiry on Methodology
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In the contemporary era of postmodernity marked by increasing awareness of the relativity, context, and individuality of our human experience and knowledge, pastoral and practical theologies have advanced by both incorporating diverse and particular experiences and voices of people who have been previously ignored and stressing their particular context and praxis. Such new and dissimilar voices shaped by different contexts of life and the newly constructed theologies based on such particular experiences have significantly contributed to the development of pastoral and practical theology. However, they are often in conflict with the traditional Christian churches and their theology that believes in the universality of a Divine Truth. Some radical forms of social constructionism regard traditional theologies concerning gender identity, marriage, and family as mere human inventions or constructs of a specific community and culture in history and devalue the existence and roles of the natural human body. Pastoral theologies that are influenced by this radical trend are difficult to embrace. In this regard, this essay develops an epistemological theory and methodology of pastoral theology to reconcile the shifting emphasis on the diversity and individuality of human experience and knowledge with the universal truth claims of the church. In particular, in this study, the ideas of phenomenologists such as Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Carol Bigwood, and Drew Leder, who elaborate on the active roles of the body in human experience and the formation of the self in the holistic bodily engagement with others and the environment, are brought to a critical dialogue with some related theological ideas. In so doing, this study develops an epistemological theory of pastoral theology that bridges the schisms between individuality and universality, mind and body, subject and object, and self and environment. On the basis of this epistemology, this study also offers some practical suggestions for applying pastoral theology.
Abstract
In the contemporary era of postmodernity marked by increasing awareness of the relativity, context, and individuality of our human experience and knowledge, pastoral and practical theologies have advanced by both incorporating diverse and particular experiences and voices of people who have been previously ignored and stressing their particular context and praxis. Such new and dissimilar voices shaped by different contexts of life and the newly constructed theologies based on such particular experiences have significantly contributed to the development of pastoral and practical theology. However, they are often in conflict with the traditional Christian churches and their theology that believes in the universality of a Divine Truth. Some radical forms of social constructionism regard traditional theologies concerning gender identity, marriage, and family as mere human inventions or constructs of a specific community and culture in history and devalue the existence and roles of the natural human body. Pastoral theologies that are influenced by this radical trend are difficult to embrace. In this regard, this essay develops an epistemological theory and methodology of pastoral theology to reconcile the shifting emphasis on the diversity and individuality of human experience and knowledge with the universal truth claims of the church. In particular, in this study, the ideas of phenomenologists such as Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Carol Bigwood, and Drew Leder, who elaborate on the active roles of the body in human experience and the formation of the self in the holistic bodily engagement with others and the environment, are brought to a critical dialogue with some related theological ideas. In so doing, this study develops an epistemological theory of pastoral theology that bridges the schisms between individuality and universality, mind and body, subject and object, and self and environment. On the basis of this epistemology, this study also offers some practical suggestions for applying pastoral theology.
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