Once a Delinquent, Always a Cadet: JROTC as a Basis for a Model Juvenile Diversion Program
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The use of diversion programs in juvenile justice is for thepurpose of processing youth offenders by means other thanthrough the use of the formal juvenile justice process. Therationale behind diversion is to provide rehabilitation—as opposedto retribution—for youth offenders, without the stigma that maycome with being formally processed via the juvenile courts. Many different types of juvenile diversion programs used in theUnited States today such as traditional counseling programs, teencourts, conflict resolution programs, and wilderness camps. OneAmerican youth program that has been in existence for almost acentury is the Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps. Although not a youth delinquency program by design, JROTChas the potential to be utilized as a model for an effectivejuvenile diversion program. Key considerations for a proposedJROTC juvenile diversion program that are examined in thisreport include administrative concerns, ethical and legal issues,management of staff and workplace conflict, and application ofevidence-based practices in effective juvenile diversion techniques —specifically, positive versus negative labeling of the youth offender, the use of token economies in correctional institutions,positive adult role models, and community service restitution. Inrecent years, JROTC has expanded to encompass schools locatedin inner-city neighborhoods and communities with youth who areconsidered to be at-risk. Success stories in these areas areindicators of JROTC’s potential for success with not only at-riskyouth but youth who have already been deemed delinquent.
Abstract
The use of diversion programs in juvenile justice is for thepurpose of processing youth offenders by means other thanthrough the use of the formal juvenile justice process. Therationale behind diversion is to provide rehabilitation—as opposedto retribution—for youth offenders, without the stigma that maycome with being formally processed via the juvenile courts. Many different types of juvenile diversion programs used in theUnited States today such as traditional counseling programs, teencourts, conflict resolution programs, and wilderness camps. OneAmerican youth program that has been in existence for almost acentury is the Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps. Although not a youth delinquency program by design, JROTChas the potential to be utilized as a model for an effectivejuvenile diversion program. Key considerations for a proposedJROTC juvenile diversion program that are examined in thisreport include administrative concerns, ethical and legal issues,management of staff and workplace conflict, and application ofevidence-based practices in effective juvenile diversion techniques —specifically, positive versus negative labeling of the youth offender, the use of token economies in correctional institutions,positive adult role models, and community service restitution. Inrecent years, JROTC has expanded to encompass schools locatedin inner-city neighborhoods and communities with youth who areconsidered to be at-risk. Success stories in these areas areindicators of JROTC’s potential for success with not only at-riskyouth but youth who have already been deemed delinquent.
참고문헌 (66)
- "Obama calls military sexual assaults ‘profound injustice.’" (2014)[URL]
- "Culture of disrespect’ fuels academy sex assaults" (2014)[URL]
- Becker, H. S., "Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance" (1963), The Free Press
- Benton, J. C., "The air force officer’s guide" (2008), Stackpole Books
- Restitution and juvenile recidivism, "Butts, J. A.", Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, ~ (1992)
- Callahan, R., "Wilderness probation : A decade later", Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 36, pp.31~35 (1985)
- A study of JROTC: A comparison of JROTC cadets with high school seniors(Unpublished master’s thesis), "Carruthers-Day, J.J.", Webster University, ~ (1990)
- Carter, R. M., "Back on the street: The diversion of juvenile offenders" (1967), Prentice Hall
- Chung, H. L., "Relations between neighborhood factors, parenting behaviors, peer deviance, and delinquency among serious juvenile offenders", Developmental Psychology, 42, pp.319~331 (2006)
- Civil Air Patrol., "Parents’ guide to the civil air patrol cadet program. Maxwell AFB", Civil Air Patrol National Headquarters, ~ (2009)
- Civil Air Patro, "CAP regulation 50-17: CAP senior member professional development program" (2013), Civil Air Patrol National Headquarters
- Clear, T. R., "American corrections in brief" (2012), Wadsworth
- Cretin-Derham Hall Army Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps, "Cadet handbook" (2012), Cretin-Derham Hall High School
- Cullen, F. T., "The rise and fall of boot camps : A case in common-sense corrections", Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 40(3), pp.53~70 (2005)
- Dalessandro, R. J., "The army officer’s guide" (2009), Stackpole Books
- DeMuro, P., "Boot camps revisited", Journal for Juvenile Justice Services, 22(1), pp.49~60 (2008)
- "Fiscal year (FY) 2014Budget Estimates" (2013)[URL]
- "Fiscal year (FY) 2014 Budget Estimates" (2013)[URL]
- "Fiscal year (FY) 2014 Budget Estimates" (2013)[URL]
- Elliott, M. N., "Evidence of positive student outcomes in JROTC career academies" (2000), RAND Corporation
- Elrod, P., "Juvenile justice: A social, historical, and legal perspective" (2011), Jones and Bartlett Publishers
- Ervin, L., "Criminal justice, restitution, and reconciliation" (1990), Criminal Justice Press
- Farrington, D. P., "Saving children from a life of crime: Early risk factors and effective interventions" (2007), Oxford University Press
- Finckenauer, J. O., "Scared straight: The panacea phenomenon revisited" (1999), Waveland Press
- Frazier, C., "Theoretical approaches to deviance: An evaluation" (1976), Merrill
- Garfinkel, H., "Conditions of successful degradation ceremonies", American Journal of Sociology, 61, pp.420~424 (1956)
- Gottfredson, G. D., "Victimization in schools" (1985), Plenum Press
- Gottfredson, M. R., "A general theory of crime. Stanford" (1990), Stanford University Press
- Hanser, L. M., "Implementing high school JROTC career academies" (2000), RAND Corporation
- Harrile, J. B., "Attitudes held by host principals toward army JROTC in the third region", pp.1984
- Hirschi, T., "Causes of delinquency" (1969), University of California Press
- Jacobs, M. D., "Screwing the system and making it work:Juvenile justice in the no-fault society" (1990), University of Chicago Press
- Johnson, G. M., "Merits and Demerits System" (2012), Pomano Beach High School JROTC Tornado Battalion
- Kelly, F. J., "Physical challenge as a treatment for delinquency", Crime and Delinquency, 12, pp.437~445 (1971)
- Kempinen, C. A., "An outcome evaluation of Pennsylvania’s boot camp: Does rehabilitative programming within a disciplinary setting reduce recidivism?", Crime and Delinquency, 49(4), pp.581~602 (2003)
- Latimer, J., "A meta-analytic examination of youth delinquency, family treatment, and recidivism", Canadian Journal of Criminology, 43(2), pp.237~253 (2001)
- Lawrence, R., "School performance, peers and delinquency : Implications for juvenile justice", Juvenile & Family Court Journal, 42(3), pp.59~69 (1991)
- Lawrence, R., "School crime and juvenile justice" (2007), Oxford University Press
- Lilly, J. R., "Criminological theory: Context and consequences" (2007), Sage
- Lipsey, M. W., "Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful interventions", pp.86~105 (1998), Sage
- Liska, A. E., "Ties to conventional institutions and delinquency: Estimating reciprocal effects", American Sociological Review, 50, pp.547~560 (1985)
- Lundman, R. J., "Prevention and control of juvenile delinquency" (2001), Oxford University Press
- Lutz, C., "Making soldiers in the public schools: An analysis of the army JROTC curriculum" (1995), Diane Publishing Co
- Meade, B., "The total effects of boot camps that house juveniles : A systematic review of the evidence", Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(5), pp.841~853 (2010)
- "Incarcerated S.C. teens finish habitat home" (2012)[URL]
- "“The house that DJJ built” presented to owner at dedication ceremony" (2012)[URL]
- McLaughlin, M. W., "Constructing a personalized school environment", Phi Delta Kappan, 72(3), pp.230~235 (1990)
- Parent, D. G., "Correctional boot camps: Lessons from a decade of research" (2003), Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice
- Paternoster, R., "Courts and diversion: Policy and operations studies" (1979), Sage
- Pema, E., "The effect of high school JROTC on student achievement, educational attainment, and enlistment", Southern Economic Journal, 76(2), pp.533~552 (2009)
- Pfohl, S.J., "Images of deviance and social control: A sociological history" (1994), McGraw-Hill
- Task force report: Juvenile delinquency and youth crime, "President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice", U.S. Government Printing Office, ~ (1967)
- Roberts, A. R., "Juvenile justice sourcebook: Past, present, and future", pp.5~40 (2004), Oxford University Press
- Roush, D. W., "Juvenile justice sourcebook: Past, present, and future", pp.217~246 (2004), Oxford University Press
- Schneider, A. L., "Restitution and recidivism rates of juvenile offenders: Results from four experimental studies", Criminology, 24, pp.533~552 (1986)
- Schneider, A. L., "A comparison of programmatic and"Ad Hoc"restitution in juvenile courts", Justice Quarterly, 1, pp.529~547 (1984)
- "RESTTA national directory of restitution and community service programs" (1998)[URL]
- Schur, E. M., "Radical nonintervention: Rethinking the delinquency problem" (1973), Prentice Hall
- Junior reserve officers’ training corps:Contributions to America’s communities – Final report of the CSIS political-military studies project on the JROTC, "Taylor, Jr., W.J.", Center for Strategic &International Studies, ~ (1999)
- "About JROTC" (2013)[URL]
- JROTC white paper 2010, "U.S. Army Cadet Command", U.S. Army Cadet Command, ~ (2010)
- "An overview of JROTC" (2013)[URL]
- "An overview of army instructor employment opportunities" (2014)[URL]
- Varljen, P.J., "Leadership: More than mission accomplishment", Military Review (2003)
- Winterdyk, J., "Wilderness experience programs: Reforming delinquents or beating around the bush?", Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 35, pp.35~44 (1984)
- Winterdyk, J., "A wilderness experiential program as an alternative for probationers: An evaluation", Canadian Journal of Criminology, 24, pp.39~49 (1982)
