응보, 일반인 제지, 및 무력화 목적에 따른 처벌 판단 비교
Purpose of Punishment and Punitive Judgment:Impact of Retribution, General Deterrence, and Incapacitation
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초록
응보(retribution), 일반인 제지(general deterrence), 및 무력화(incapacitation)를 중심으로 처벌의 근본 목적을 탐색하고자 대학생들을 대상으로 세 개의 실험 연구를 수행했다. 실험 1에서는 범죄 사건의 응보 관련 요소와 일반인 제지 관련 요소를 변화시켜 처벌 대상자에 대한 참가자들의 처벌 판단을 비교했다. 실험 결과, 참가자들의 처벌 판단은 범죄 사건의 응보 관련 요소에 따라서 달리 나타났으며, 일반인 제지 관련 요소에 따라서는 달리 나타나지 않았다. 실험 2에서는 범죄 사건의 응보 관련 요소와 무력화 관련 요소들을 변화시켜 참가자들의 처벌 판단을 비교했다. 실험 결과, 참가자들의 처벌 판단은 응보 관련 요소들의 변화뿐만 아니라 무력화 관련 요소들의 변화에 의해서도 영향 받았다. 실험 3에서는 응보와 일반인 제지, 그리고 무력화 관련 요소들을 단일 설계에 모두 포함시켜 실험 1과 2의 결과를 반복검증하였다. 또한 응보 목적에 따른 처벌 판단은 범죄 사건으로부터 판단자가 경험한 도덕적 분개감에 의해서 매개되며, 무력화 목적에 따른 처벌 판단은 범죄 행위자에 대한 범죄 성향 지각과 범죄인으로부터 사회를 보호해야 할 필요성 지각에 의해서 매개됨을 시사하는 결과를 얻었다. 연구 결과의 시사점 및 장래 연구의 방향을 논의하였다.
Abstract
Three studies examined how different purposes of punishment affect peoples' punitive judgment. Korean college students assigned an appropriate sentence to a hypothetical perpetrator whose crime was varied with respect to the key components of three punishment purposes：retribution, general deterrence and incapacitation. Study 1 compared retribution and general deterrence purposes and showed that the sentence judgments were highly sensitive to retribution-related factors (magnitude of harm, extenuating circumstances, criminal intent) but were insensitive to factors associated with general deterrence (frequency, detection rate, publicity). Study 2 compared retribution and incapacita- tion purposes and revealed that both the retribution factors and incapacitation-related factors (criminal record, impulsiveness, recidivism) had a significant, but independent impact on sentence judgments. These findings were replicated in Study 3 which included all three punishment purposes in a single experimental design. Mediational analyses revealed that effects of the retribution factors were mediated by moral outrage. They also revealed that effects of the incapacitation factors were mediated by dispositional inference about the perpetrator and the perceived need for protecting the society from the perpetrator. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
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