본문 바로가기
KERD
논문

정서강도, 정서주의, 정서명료성, 및 정서표현양가성의 군집과 심리적 적응의 관계

Clusters by Affect Intensity, Emotional Attention, Emotional Clarity, and Ambivalence over Emotional Expression and Psychological Adjustment

0

조회

0

다운로드

68

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류심리과학

초록

정서 경험과 표현 과정의 주요 변인들인 정서강도, 정서주의, 정서명료성 및 정서표현양가성이 조합되면서 어떤 자연발생적인 군집을 형성하는지, 그리고 이러한 정서과정의 개인차가 정서조절양식의 선택 및 심리적 적응의 지표와 어떤 관계가 있는지를 알아보았다. 총 363명(여성193명, 남성 170명)의 참가자는 군집분석을 통하여 4개 집단으로 구분되었다. 정서강도, 정서주의, 정서 명료성이 높은 반면 정서표현양가성은 낮은 ‘솔직집단’은 억제적이거나 회피적이지 않으면서 가장 적응적이었다. 이와 대조적으로 정서강도, 주의, 명료성은 낮은데 양가성은 높은 ‘억압집단’은 억제적 정서조절 및 회피 수준이 유의하게 높으며 가장 높은 심리증상과 낮은 자존감의 부적응 상태를 보였다. 정서강도, 주의, 양가성 모두 낮은 ‘침착집단’은 비교적 적응적 상태임에 비해, 정서강도, 주의, 양가성이 모두 높은 ‘혼란집단’은 높은 심리증상을 나타냈다. 선행연구에서 정서강도와 정서주의 변인들이 심리적 적응에 미치는 효과가 일관적이지 않게 보고되어 왔는데, 본 연구 결과, 정서강도 및 정서주의가 심리적 적응에 미치는 영향이 정서명료성과 정서표현양가성에 의해 영향을 받고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 정서변인들의 조합을 통해 억압과 억제 개념을 구분할 수 있음과 정서과정에서 낮은 정서강도와 낮은 정서주의의 역할에 대해 논의하였다.

Abstract

This study examined individual differences in emotional processing patterns by multiple emotional variables:Affect intensity (AI), emotional attention (EA), emotional clarity (EC), and Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness (AE), and their characteristics in emotion regulation and psychological adjustment. The combination of the four emotional variables drawn from 363 college students (193 female) formed four clusters. The ‘Hot & Clear' group with high AI, EA, and EC, but low AE was the least avoidant in emotion regulation and adaptive. In comparison, the ‘Repressed' group with low AI, EA, and EC, but high AE was the most avoidant and maladaptive. The ‘Calm and Clear' group with low AI, EA, and AE, but high EC was relatively adaptive. However, the ‘Conflicting' group with high AI, EA, and AE was found to be avoidant and maladaptive. The result indicates that a crucial variable that predicts psychological adjustment seems to be the AE and EC. This also sheds light on the inconsistent findings of the previous studies on the functions of affect intensity and emotional attention. It is discussed that suppression and repression could be distinguished by the combination of the aforementioned emotional variables, and that the roles of low affect intensity combined with low emotional attention in emotional processing should be more highlighted.

참고문헌 (49)

  1. 이주일, "정서의 체험 및 표현성이 건강과 심리적 안녕에 미치는 영향", 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 11(1), pp.117~140 (1997)
  2. 조성은, "정서인식의 명확성, 정서강도, 정서주의력과 스트레스 대처 및 우울과의 관계", 한국심리학회지: 건강, 12(4), pp.797~812 (2007), 한국건강심리학회
  3. 최해연, "정서표현에 대한 갈등과 억제 연구", 박사, pp.2008
  4. 최해연, "한국판 정서표현에 대한 양가성 척도의 타당화 및 억제 개념들 간의 비교 연구", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 21(4), pp.71~89 (2007), 한국사회및성격심리학회
  5. Barlow,D.H., "Mastery of your anxiety and panic:Client workbook for anxiety and panic(MAP 3)" (2000), Psychological Corporation
  6. Blascovich,J., "Affect intensity and cardiac arousal", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, pp.164~174 (1992)
  7. Davidson,R.J., "Affective neuroscience and psychophysiology:Toward a synthesis", Psycho-physiology, 40, pp.655~665 (2003)
  8. Derakshan,N., "Are repressors self-deceivers or other-deceivers?", Cognition and Emotion, 13(1), pp.1~18 (1999)
  9. Eisenberg,N., "Personality and socialization correlates of vicarious emotional responding", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, pp.459~471 (1991)
  10. Endler,N.S., "Coping inventory for stressful situations(CISS):Manual" (1990), Multi-Health Systems Inc.
  11. Feldner,M.T., "Emotional avoidance:An experi-mental tests of individual differences and response suppression during biological challenge", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, pp.403~411 (2003)
  12. Flett,G.L., "Affect intensity,coping style,mood regulation expectancies,and depressive symptoms", Personality and Individual Differences, 20, pp.221~228 (1996)
  13. Forsyth,J.P., "Anxiety sensitivity,controllability,and experiential avoidance and their relation to drug of choice and addiction severity in a residential sample of sub-stance abusing veterans", Addictive Behaviors, 28, pp.851~870 (2003)
  14. Friedman,H.S., "Personality,type A behavior,and coronary heart disease:The role of emotional expression", Journal of Per- sonality and Social Psychology, 53(4), pp.783~792 (1987)
  15. Garcia-Grau,E., "Coping style and disturbed eating attitudes in adolescent girls", International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32, pp.116~120 (2002)
  16. Giese-Davis,J., "Emotion regulation and metastatic breast cancer", International Congress Series, 1241, pp.31~35 (2002)
  17. Gohm,C.L., "Mood regulation and emotional intelligence:Individual difference", Journal of Per- sonality and Social Psychology, 84(3), pp.594~607 (2003)
  18. Gohm,C.L., "Individual differences in emotional experience:Mapping available scales to processes", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, pp.679~697 (2000)
  19. Gross,J.J., "Emotion regulation:Affective,cogni-tive,and social consequences", Psychophysiology, 39, pp.281~291 (2002)
  20. Gross,J.J., "Individual differ-ences in two emotion regulation processes:Implications for affect,relationships,and well-being", Journal of Personality and Social Psy- chology, 85(2), pp.348~362 (2003)
  21. Gross,J.J., "Hiding feelings:The acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, pp.95~103 (1997)
  22. Hair,J.F., "Cluster analysis.In L.G.Grim & P.R.Yarnold(Eds),Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics", pp.147~205 (2000), American Psychological Association
  23. Hayes,S.C., "Acceptance and commitment therapy:An experi-ential approach to behavior change" (1999), The Guilford Press
  24. Hayes,S.C., "Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders:A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, pp.1152~1168 (1996)
  25. Hayes,S.C., "Measuring experiential avoidance:A preliminary test of a working model", The Psy- chological Record, 54, pp.553~578 (2004)
  26. Josephs,S., "The preliminary development of a measure to assess attitudes towards emotional expression", Personality and Individual Differences, 16(6), pp.869~875 (1994)
  27. Kennedy-Moore,E., "Varieties of nonexpression:A review of self-report measures of emotional control. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psycho- logical Association" (1991)
  28. Kennedy-Moore,E., "Expressing emotion:Myths,realities,and therapeutic strat-egies", pp.3~22 (1999), The Guilford Press
  29. King,L.A., "Conflict over emotional expression:Psychological and physical correlates", Journal of Personality and Social Psy- chology, 58, pp.864~877 (1990)
  30. Kraepelin,E., "Dementia praecox and paraphrenia" (1919), E & S Livingstone
  31. Kring,A.M., "Individual differences in dispositional expres-siveness:Development and validation of the emo-tional expressivity scale", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(5), pp.934~949 (1994)
  32. Larsen,R.J., "Affect intensity as an individual difference characteristic:A review", Journal of Research in Personalit, 21, pp.1~39 (1987)
  33. Linehan,M., "Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder" (1993), The Guilford Press
  34. Lischetzke,T., "Is attention to feelings beneficial or detrimental to affective well-being? Mood regulation as a moderator variable", Emotion, 3, pp.361~377 (2003)
  35. Martell,C.R., "Depression in context:Strategies for guided action" (2001), W. W. Norton
  36. Newton,T.L., "Verbal-autonomic response dissociation in repressive coping:The influence of social context", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, pp.159~167 (1992)
  37. Pennebaker,J.W., "Emotion,disclosure,and health" (1995), American Psychological Associ- ation
  38. Plutchik,R., "A psychoevolutionary theory of emotion", Social Science Information, 21, pp.529~553 (1982)
  39. Salovey,P., "Emotional attention,clarity,and repair:Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale.In J.W.Pennebaker(Ed.),Emotion,disclosure,and health", pp.125~154 (1995), American Psychological Associ- ation
  40. Schwarz,N., "Mood,misattribu-tion,and judgments of well-being:Informative and directive functions of affective states", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, pp.513~523 (1983)
  41. Sifneos,P.E., "The prevalence of ‘alexithymia’ characteristics in psychosomatic patient.In Topics of Psychosomatic Research Karger", pp.255~262 (1972)
  42. Simpson,J., "When the head protects the heart:Empathic accuracy in dating relationships", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, pp.629~641 (1995)
  43. Sloan,D.M., "Emotion regulation in action:Emotional reactivity in experiential avoidance", Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(11), pp.1257~1270 (2004)
  44. Swinkels,A., "The measurement and conceptualization of mood awareness:Moni-toring and labeling one's mood states", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, pp.934~949 (1995)
  45. Thayer,J.F., "Gender differences in the relationship between emotional regulation and depressive symp-toms.Cognitive Therapy and", Research, 27(3), pp.349~364 (2003)
  46. Traue,H.C., "Inhibition and muscle tension in myogenic pain.In J.W.Pennebaker(Ed.),Emotion,disclosure,& health", pp.155~175 (1995), American Psychological Association
  47. Weinberger,D.A., "The construct validity of repres-sive coping style.In J.L.Singer(Ed.),Repression and dissociation:Implication of personality theory,psychopathology,and health", pp.337~386 (1990), University of Chicago Press
  48. Weinberger,D.A., "Low-anxious,high-anxious,and repressive coping styles:Psychometric patterns and behavioral and physiological responses to stress", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88, pp.369~380 (1979)
  49. Williams,D.G., "Neuroticism and extroversions in different factors of the affect intensity measure", Personality and Individual Differences, 10, pp.1095~1100 (1989)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (10건)