정서처리유형의 구분에 따른 정서경험과 대처방식 이해
Validation of Emotional Processing Types and Type contingent Emotional Experience and Coping Style
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초록
정서처리과정의 주요 변인들인 정서강도, 정서주의, 정서 명료화, 정서표현양가성이 조합되어 형성되는 정서처리유형의 타당성을 확인하고, 정서처리유형에 따라 정서경험과 이에 대한 대처방식에 어떤 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 대학생 186명(남 55%)의 설문자료를 군집분석한 결과, 선행연구와 동일한 유형의 4개 군집이 추출되었다. 정서강도, 정서주의, 정서명료성은 모두 평균보다 낮으면서 정서표현억제는 평균보다 높은 억압집단, 정서강도와 정서주의가 평균보다 낮지만 정서명료성은 평균보다 높고 정서표현억제가 평균보다 낮은 침착집단, 정서강도와 정서주의가 평균보다 높으며 정서명료성이 높고 정서표현억제가 낮은 솔직집단, 정서강도와 정서주의가 평균보다 높지만 정서명료성은 평균보다 낮고 정서표현억제가 높은 혼란집단이 나타났다. 솔직집단과 억압집단, 그리고 침착집단과 혼란집단은 정서변인의 조합 및 심리적응 지표에서 대조적인 프로파일을 보였다. 유형별 정서경험과 스트레스 대처방식에 차이를 확인한 결과, 긍정적 정서사건을 경험할 때 솔직집단과 혼란집단은 유의하게 높은 수준의 긍정정서를 보고하였고 억압집단은 유의하게 낮은 수준의 긍정정서를 보고하였다. 부정적 정서사건에 관한 부정정서에는 집단 간 차이가 유의하지 않았다. 부정적 정서사건에 대한 대처방식을 살펴보았을 때 사회적 지지추구에서 억압집단과 솔직집단 사이에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 억압집단은 다른 집단들보다 긍정정서를 유의하게 적게 경험하고 스트레스에 대처하기 위해 정서적 지지추구나 정서표현을 유의하게 적게 사용하였다. 억압집단 구분의 함의를 사회적 지지추구 및 긍정정서의 경험이 자기기능의 회복에 미치는 영향을 중심으로 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study examined the reliability of individual differences in emotional processing types formed by the combination of four emotional variables: Affect Intensity (AI), Emotional Attention (EA), Emotional Clarity (EC), and Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness (AE), and their impact on emotional experience and regulation. Four clusters were drawn from 186 college students (55% male), which is consistent with the result of former research. ‘Repressed’ group with low AI, EA, and EC, but high AE; ‘Calm and Clear’ group with low AI, EA, and AE, but high EC; ‘Hot & Clear’ group with high AI, EA, and EC, but low AE and ‘Conflicting’ group with high AI, EA, and AE was reaffirmed. ‘Hot & Clear’ group contrasted with ‘Repressed’ group, and ‘Calm and Clear’ contrasted with ‘Conflicting’ group in terms of patterns of variables combination, and psychological adjustment. After replicating the emotional processing types, emotional experience and regulation according to the types were explored. ‘Repressed’ group reported significantly lower level of positive emotion but little difference in experience of negative emotion. They also showed lower level of social support seeking in stressful situation compared with ‘Hot & Clear’ group. The implications of low level of positive emotion and social support seeking were discussed, in terms of their role in executive function recovery, and the validity of distinguishing repressor by the combination of the aforementioned emotional variables.
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