자기고양과 적응 간의 관계
The Self-enhancement and Its Relationship with Individual Adjustment
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초록
본 연구는 자기고양과 적응지표들 간의 관계를 살펴보고자 77개 조에 소속된 386명의 대학생들을 대상으로 조별과제 참여․기여도에 대한 자기평가, 타인에 의한 평가 및 타인에 대한 평가 점수로 자기고양의 세 지표인 자기통찰 지표, 사회비교 지표 및 SRM(Social Relations Model) 지표를 산출한 후 적응과의 관계를 살펴보았다. 자기고양의 자기통찰 지표는 조별과제 참여․기여도에 대한 자기평가 점수와 타인평가 점수차로, 사회비교 지표는 자기평가 점수와 타인에 부여한 평가점수의 차로, 그리고 SRM 지표는 자기평가에서 지각자 효과와 대상 효과를 뺌으로써 산출되었다. 적응의 지표로 삶의 만족, 자존감, 정서적 안정성 및 개인수행을 선정하여 자기고양의 지표들과의 상관을 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 자기통찰 지표에서 자기고양 정도가 높을수록 자존감이 높고 정서적 안정성도 양호하나, 개인수행은 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 사회비교 지표에서 자기고양의 정도가 높을수록 삶의 만족, 자존감 및 개인수행이 높아지는 것으로 나타나, 개인 수행 측면에서 자기통찰 지표와 대조를 이루었다. SRM 지표의 경우 유일하게 자존감과 정적인 관계를 나타냈다. 또한 본 연구는 자기통찰 지표에서 자기평가 및 타인평가 점수의 고/저, 사회비교 지표에서 자기평가 및 타인에게 부여한 점수 평균의 고/저에 따라 각각 일치-저, 고양, 겸양, 일치-고 집단으로 분류하여 집단별 적응 지표상에서의 차이를 살펴봄으로써, 자기고양 여부에 가려 주목받지 못했던 일치-저, 겸양, 일치-고 세 집단이 포함된 집단별 적응 특성에 접근하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 자기고양의 지표와 적응의 측정치(자기보고 대 객관적 자료)에 따라 자기고양과 적응과의 관련성이 달라질 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.
Abstract
Self-enhancement and its implications for individual adjustment were investigated in this study. A total of 386undergraduate students rated themselves and others in their groups on the extent to which they actively participate in their group-based task. Using the scores of self-rating, rating by others, and rating of others, three self-enhancement indices were computed such as self-insight index (comparing self-rating with ratings by others), social comparison index (comparing self-rating with ratings of others), and social relations model index (subtracting perceiver effect and target effect from self-rating). The results of this study showed that self-insight index correlated positively with self-esteem and emotional stability, and negatively with individual performance. Social comparison index showed positive correlation with self-esteem and life satisfaction. In contrast to the self-insight index, social comparison index correlated positively with individual performance. SRM index showed positive correlation with only self-esteem. According to the degree of self-rating, rating by others, and rating of others, individuals were also classified into four groups as in-agreement/high raters, in-agreement/low raters,self-enhancers, and self-effacers. To investigate the difference between groups in terms of individual adjustment,one-way ANOVAs and post-hoc analysis were used. The findings suggest that the relationships between self-enhancement and individual adjustment vary with both self-enhancement indices and individual adjustment measures.
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