우즈베키스탄의 수입대체공업화 전략 : 자동차 산업의 사례분석
Import-Substituting Industrialization Strategy of Uzbekistan: Automobile Industry
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우즈베키스탄 정부는 1990년대 중반부터 본격적인 수입대체공업화 전략 추진을통해 자동차 산업을 자국의 대표적인 산업중의 하나로 육성하고자 했다. 정부는완제품 수입자동차에 대한 관세를 높여 자국시장을 보호하고 자국산 자동차의 국내시장 점유율을 보장하였다. 또한 이중 환율제도의 도입으로 고평가된 자국 화폐가치의 유지를 통해 자동차 부품을 저렴하게 구매하는 정책을 유지하는 등 자동차산업에 대한 통제력을 유지하고 있다. 우즈베키스탄 정부의 이러한 정책은 러시아정부가 시장을 개방하여 외국계 기업의 자국 내 공장설립을 촉진시키는 정책과는대조적인 전략이다. 우즈베키스탄 정부는 지주회사의 설립과 이를 통한 승용차,상용차 및 자동차 부품산업을 정부가 직접 통제하면서 계속해서 관련 산업 육성을위해 힘쓰고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 주요 부품의 국산화는 크게 이루어지지 않고있는데 이를 위해서는 외국계 기업으로부터의 기술이전이 촉진되어야 한다.
Abstract
Since the mid 1990s, the government of Uzbekistan has tried to developautomotive industry as one of the country’s leading industries throughimport-substituting industrialization strategy. Government raised importduties on finished cars to protect domestic market and ensure the marketshare. In addition, government controls the automotive industry throughthe introduction of dual exchange rate to overvalue local currency to buyauto parts at a low cost. These protective policies are in contrast to theRussian policy to open domestic market and encourage foreign companies toestablish factories. Uzbekistan government has established the holdingcompany and the companies of passenger cars, commercial vehicles andauto parts to directly control and promote the industry. But so far, thelocalization of main components is largely not performed. To do this, the transfer of technology from the foreign company should be promoted.
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