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사회적 배척을 경험할 때 위험감수에 대한 개인의 특성과 경제적 환경의 효과

The Effects of Personal Traits and Economic Environment on Risk-Taking in A Situation of Social Exclusion

김주영|전우영|심경옥|류혜진
한국사회및성격심리학회|2017.02|한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 (Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology)|제31권 제1호|pp. 1-21|DOI 10.21193/kjspp.2017.31.1.001

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참고문헌

키워드

소득income접근동기approach motivation2D:4D2D:4D 비율사회적 배척/소속태내 테스토스테론social exclusion/inclusionprenatal testosterone
주제분류심리과학

초록

진화심리학자들은 인간은 생존과 번식에 영향을 미치는 반복되는 적응문제인 사회적 배척과 관련된 문제를 해결하기위해 배척탐지 시스템을 발달시켜 왔으며, 그러한 시스템은 개인의 특성과 환경 및 상황요인에 반응하여 유연하게 작동되어진다고 가정한다. 또한 위험민감성 이론에 의하면, 유기체는 안전한 수단을 통해 자신의 생존과 번식욕구를 충족시키지 못할 때는 위험감수 가능성이 높아진다. 하지만 안전한 수단을 통해 이들 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있을 때는 위험을 감수할 가능성이 낮아진다. 이들 가설을 바탕으로, 본 연구는 사회적 소속과 비교하여 배척을 경험할 때 위험감수 가능성이 높아지는지 그리고 위험감수가 개인의 특성(접근동기와 태내 테스토스테론)과 경제적 환경(소득수준)에 의해 영향을 받는지 살펴보았다. 그 결과 참가자들은 사회적 소속에 비해 배척조건에서 위험감수를 더 많이 하였다. 개인의 특성과 환경과 관련하여, 사회적 배척 조건(소속조건은 아님)에서 태내 테스토스테론 수준(2D:4D 비율로 측정)이 높은 참가자들이 낮은 참가자들에 비해 위험감수를 더 많이 하였다. 위험감수에 대한 접근동기와 소득의 상호작용 또한 사회적 배척조건에서만 유의미하였다. 구체적으로 소득 수준이 낮을 때는 접근동기가 높은 참가자들이 낮은 참가자들에 비해 위험감수를 더 많이 한 반면, 소득 수준이 높을 때의 위험감수는 접근동기 수준에 따라 다르지 않았다. 이들 결과는 사회적 배척의 지각만으로도 위험감수가 증가할 수 있다고 하더라도 이들 관계는 개인의 특성과 재정적 상태에 따라 유연하게 표현되어 진다는 것을 나타낸다.

Abstract

Evolutionary psychologists posit that humans have an evolved ostracism detection system designed to solve recurrent adaptive problems associated with social exclusion affecting one's survival and reproduction and that such system is flexibly operated in response to individual and environmental/situational factors. Risk sensitivity theory further posits that organisms' risk-taking depends on whether they have safe means that can be met their survival and reproductive needs or not. Based on these hypotheses, we investigated whether socially excluded individuals take more risk than included ones and whether personal traits(approach motivation and prenatal testosterone) and economic environment (family income) influence risk-taking. The results revealed that socially excluded individuals had greater risk taking than included ones. With regard to personal traits and environment, individuals with high level of prenatal testosterone (measured by 2D:4D) took more risks than those with low level of prenatal testosterone in social exclusion, but not in inclusion condition. Furthermore, the interaction effect of approach motivation and income on risk-taking was also significant only in exclusion condition. Specifically, low income individuals with high approach motivation had greater risk-taking than those with low approach motivation. On the other hand, the risk-taking of high-income individuals with high approach motivation did not differ from those with low approach motivation. Results indicate that although social exclusion alone appears to be a situational predictor of risk taking, it also interplay with personal traits and economic environment in predicting risk taking behavior.

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