본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

CORRUPTION AND EMIGRATION OF PHYSICIANS FROM AFRICA

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경제학

초록

Medical brain drain remains a major challenge for African countries mostly characterized by poor economic, political and health institutions. This paper seeks to determine how corruption in the home country affects physician emigration from Africa. Econometric estimations are implemented on a panel of 50 African countries over the period 1995-2004, using both the dynamic panel data approach and the count data analysis. Our results suggest that: first, corruption promotes physician emigration from Africa. The most corrupt countries experience higher physician emigration rates. Second, income level, especially the returns to education, is one of the channels through which corruption promotes physician emigration. To ensure retention of African health-care professionals and ultimate reduction in medical brain drain, the fight against corruption must be one of the essential measures.

Abstract

Medical brain drain remains a major challenge for African countries mostly characterized by poor economic, political and health institutions. This paper seeks to determine how corruption in the home country affects physician emigration from Africa. Econometric estimations are implemented on a panel of 50 African countries over the period 1995-2004, using both the dynamic panel data approach and the count data analysis. Our results suggest that: first, corruption promotes physician emigration from Africa. The most corrupt countries experience higher physician emigration rates. Second, income level, especially the returns to education, is one of the channels through which corruption promotes physician emigration. To ensure retention of African health-care professionals and ultimate reduction in medical brain drain, the fight against corruption must be one of the essential measures.

참고문헌 (44)

  1. Al-Marhubi, F. A, "Corruption and Inflation", Economics Letters, 66(2), pp.199~202 (2000)
  2. Antonakas, N. P, "Corruption in Tax Administration : Interviews with Experts", Procedia : Social and Behavioral Sciences, 73, pp.581~589 (2013)
  3. Towards Interventions in Human Resources for Health in Ghana : Evidence for Health Workforce Planning and Results, "Appiah-Denkyira, E", The World Bank, ~, pp.World Bank Publications, 13116 (2013)
  4. Arellano, M, "Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models", Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), pp.29~51 (1995)
  5. Ariu, A, "The Balance of Brains : Corruption and High Skilled Rigration", EMBO Rep, 14(6), pp.502~504 (2013)
  6. The Balance of Brains: Corruption and High Skilled Migration, "Ariu, A", Catholic University of Louvain, ~, pp.IRES Discussion Paper, 10 (2013)
  7. Beine, M, "Brain Drain and Human CapitalFormation in Developing Countries : Winners and Losers", Economic Journal, 118(528), pp.631~652 (2008)
  8. Beine, M, "A Panel Data Analysis of the Brain Gain", World Development, 39(4), pp.523~532 (2011)
  9. Bertocchi, G, "International Migration and the Role of Institutions", Public Choice, 137, pp.81~102 (2008)
  10. Bhargava, A, "HIV Pandemic, Medical Brain Drain, and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa", World Bank Economic Review, 22(2), pp.345~366 (2008)
  11. Bhargava, A, "Modeling the Effects of Physician Emigration on Human Development", Economics and Human Biology, 9(2), pp.172~183 (2011)
  12. Blackburn, K, "Corruption, Inflation and Growth", Economics Letters, 113(3), pp.225~227 (2011)
  13. Blundell, R, "Initial Conditions and Moment Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models", Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), pp.115~143 (1998)
  14. Capuano, S, "African Brain Drain and Its Impact on Source Countries: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?", Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis, 15(4), pp.397~314 (2013)
  15. Do Visas Kill? Health Effects of African Health Professional Emigration, "Clemens, M. A", Center for Global Development, ~, pp.Center for Global Development Working Paper, 114 (2007)
  16. A Case against Taxes and Quotas on High-Skill Emigration, "Clemens, M.A", Center for Global Development, ~, pp.Center for Global Development Working Paper, 363 (2014)
  17. Migration, Diasporas and Culture : An Empirical Investigation, "Collier, P", CSAE, ~, pp.CSAE Working Paper, WPS (2014), 2014-27
  18. Does Corruption Promote Emigration? An Empirical Examination, "Cooray, A", IZA, ~, pp.Discussion Paper, 8094 (2014)
  19. Dimant, E, "The Effect of Corruption on Migration, 1985-2000", Applied Economics Letters, 20(13), pp.1270~1274 (2013)
  20. "Assessing the Efficiency and Impact of National Anti-Corruption Institutions in Africa" (2010)[URL]
  21. Determinants of Tax Revenue Efforts in Developing Countries, "Gupta, S. A", The International Monetary Fund, ~, pp.IMF Working Paper, 07 (2007), 184
  22. Hagopian, A, "The Flight of Physicians from West Africa : Views of African Physicians and Implications for Policy", Social Science and Medicine, 61(8), pp.1750~1760 (2005)
  23. Public Investment and Growth : The Role of Corruption, "Haque, M.E", University of Manchester, ~, pp.Centre for Growth and Business Cycle Research Discussion Paper Series, 98 (2008)
  24. Kizhakethalackal, E. T, "Count-Data Analysis ofPhysician Emigration from Developing Countries : A Note", Economics Bulletin, 35(2), pp.1177~1184 (2015)
  25. Koyuncu, C, "The Impact of Corruption on Deforestation : A Cross-Country Evidence", The Journal of Developing Areas, 42(2), pp.213~222 (2009)
  26. Corruption and Trust in Political Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa, "Lavallée, E", DIAL, ~, pp.DT (2008), 2008-07
  27. Lin, S, "The Effect of Corruption on Capital Accumulation", Journal of Economics, 97(1), pp.67~93 (2009)
  28. Méon, P. -G, "Does Corruption Grease or Sand the Wheels of Growth?", Public Choice, 122(1, pp.2) (2005), 69~97
  29. Onoma, K, "The Use of Land to Generate Political Support", Africa Development, 33(3), pp.147~155 (2008)
  30. Péridy, N, "Un modèle généralisé des déterminants des migrations internationales : Application aux migrations des pays méditerranéens vers l’ue", Revue économique, 61(6), pp.981~1010 (2010)
  31. Poprawe, M, "On the Relationship between Corruption and Migration : Empirical Evidence from a Gravity Model of Migration", Public Choice, 163, pp.337~354 (2015)
  32. Rothstein, B, "Anti-Corruption : The Indirect ‘Big Bang’ Approach", Review of International Political Economy, 18(2), pp.228~250 (2011)
  33. Rowlands, D, "Domestic Governance and International Migration", World Development, 27(8), pp.1477~1491 (1999)
  34. Scheffler, R. M, "Estimates Of Health Care Professional Shortages In Sub-Saharan Africa by 2015", Health Affairs, 28(5), pp.w849~w862 (2009)
  35. Shleifer, A, "Corruption", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), pp.599~617 (1993)
  36. Slangen, L. H, "Institutions, Social Capital and Agricultural Change in Central and Eastern Europe", Journal of Rural Studies, 20, pp.245~256 (2004)
  37. Stark, O, "Human Capital Depletion, Human Capital Formation, and Migration: A Blessing or a ‘Curse’?", Economics Letters, 60(3), pp.363~367 (1998)
  38. Swaleheen, M. U, "Corruption and Saving in a Panel of Countries", Journal of Macroeconomics, 30(3), pp.1285~1301 (2008)
  39. Tankwanchi A. B. S, "Physician Emigration from Sub-Saharan Africa to the United States : Analysis of the 2011 AMA Physician Masterfile", PLOS Medicine, 10(9), pp.1~28 (2014)
  40. "How the U.S. Made the Ebola Crisis Worse" (2014)[URL]
  41. "Corruption Perceptions Index 2013" (2013)[URL]
  42. Weinberg, B. A, "Developing Science : Scientific Performance and Brain Drains in the Developing World", Journal of Development Economics, 95(1), pp.95~104 (2011)
  43. Yakovlev, P, "Economic Freedom Cure Medical Brain Drain?", The Journal of Private Enterprise, 29(3), pp.97~117 (2014)
  44. Zhao, J. H, "The Impact of Corruption and Transparency on Foreign Direct Investment : An Empirical Analysis", Management International Review, 43(1), pp.41~62 (2003)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (4건)