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유럽연합의 나노물질 규제와 개선안에 관한 소고 (REACH와 특정 제품군 규정들 중심으로)

A Perspective on the EU's Regulations on Nanomaterials (Focused on REACH and Regulations for specific products lines)

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초록

유럽연합의 REACH는 나노물질에 대한 구체성이 결여된 정의와 가이던스 성격의 규제형태로 그 규제에 있어 정의상의 구체성과 법적 기반의 강화를 통해 엄격성을 강화할 필요가 있다. 유럽의 나노물질 사용 주요 특정 제품군들의 규정들 내의 정의도 집행위가 권고한 나노물질들의 일반적인 정의 적용보다는 나노물질의 특정 용도 제조 후의 성상 및 특성 변화를 고려한 정의에 대한 재설정이 이루어져야 한다. 집행위원회는 회원국들에게 REACH 내 자국의 1t이하 소량 나노물질 최다 취급 업체들을 대상으로 나노물질에 대한 관리 및 안전 평가 시스템 마련을 의무화하는 조항도 고려해 볼 필요가 있다. 역내 시민들의 나노물질에 대한 인식 함양을 위해서는 나노물질의 혜택이나 장점 등을 부각시키는 레벨링 정책 방향도 필요할 것으로 보인다. 유럽연합 내 나노물질 규제에 관한 단독적인 법의 정립이 아직은 이루어지지 않은 이상 유럽연합의 나노물질에 관한 규제는 가이던스 성격의 REACH와 특정 제품군을 위한 규정들의 시행이 병행적으로 그리고 지속적으로 시행될 가능성이 크다. 지속적인 나노물질 사용 특정 제품군 규정 강화를 위해 집행위원회는 제품군 내 나노물질 별 제조 및 수입량이 가장 많은 업체들에 대한 나노물질의 안전성 평가를 해당 업체 소속 회원국에게 의무화 하는 조항을 각 특정 제품군 규정안에 신설하는 것도 고려해 볼만한 접근일 것이다. 나노물질에 대한 안전관리제도 도입과 그 제도화를 추진 중인 한국정부도 나노물질 사용 제품군 별 나노물질 관리 주무 감시 위원회 등을 두어 해당 제품군 내 최다량 나노물질 수입업체 및 제조업체들을 대상으로 취급 나노물질의 안전 관리 평가를 의무화하는 정책 추진을 제고해 볼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Abstract

Due to the lack of concreteness in terms of definition and the weak legal basis, EU REACH needs to strengthen its legal basis and its concreteness in definition to enhance its rigidness. Regulations for specific product lines using nanomaterials should apply definitions considering the transformed nature and characteristics after use of the nanomaterials rather than the ones recommended by the Commission. The Commission needs to take into consideration drawing on an article in the REACH mandating companies dealing with most nanomaterials manufactured or imported below 1ton to put into place system for safety evaluation and control of the nanomaterials. And it seems to be necessary to have a labelling policy direction emphasizing benefits and strength of nanomaterials to enhance awarness regarding nanomaterials for the general public. Given that currently there is no specific and sole law regarding regulation of nanomaterials put in place in the EU, it is most likely that REACH and Regulations for specific product lines using nanomaterials will be implemented in parallel in regulating nanomaterials in the EU. To consistently strengthen the regulations for specific product lines using nanomaterials, the Commission can consider putting into an article in the regulations for specific product lines using nanomaterials mandating member states to do safety assessment on their companies that deal with most nanomaterials in the specific product line using nanomaterials. South Korean Government is currently pursuing introducing and institutionalizing system for safety and control of nanomaterials. It can contemplate the set up of the competent watch committee by specific product line, and mandate the committee to do safety management assessment on companies that import or manufacture most nanomaterials in the line.

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