유럽의 스마트 항만 정책 사례를 통한 시사점 연구
A Study on Implications based on the Case of Smart Port Policy in Europe
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초록
유럽에서는 일찍이 해양을 활용하여 세계의 경제적 패권을 차지하려는 여러 국가가 존재하였다. 유럽의 해양 강국들은 해상운송을 통한 무역에 깊은 관심이 있었고, 이에 따라 해상과 육상을 연계하는 항만도 자연스레 발전하여 왔다. 특히 네덜란드 로테르담항은 세계 최초로 컨테이너 항만을 자동화하였고, 이후 유럽의 주요 항만들은 철저한 기술 검증과 개발을 통해 현재까지도 항만의 첨단 기술 활용을 세계적으로 주도하고 있다. 최근에는 4차 산업혁명에 따라 세계의 주요 항만들이 자동화, 디지털화를 넘어 스마트 항만이라고 하는 새로운 개념에 집중하고 있다. 유럽은 스마트 항만 분야에서도 정책적, 기술적으로 선도적인 역할을 하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 유럽의 스마트 항만 정책 사례들을 살펴본 후, 사례를 바탕으로 의미 있는 내용을 정리하고 분석하여 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 스마트 항만의 개념을 정립한 후, 유럽 연합과 주요 국가들의 사례를 구체적으로 정리한다. 주요 국가에는 독일, 네덜란드, 영국, 스페인, 벨기에가 포함된다. 마지막으로 정리된 사례를 통해 파악할 수 있는 시사점을 다양한 시각에서 도출한다.
Abstract
There were several countries in Europe that have tried to take advantage of the oceans to hold a lead the world's economic hegemony. Maritime powers in Europe were deeply interested in trade through maritime transport, and as a result, ports that connect between the sea and the land have naturally developed. Especially, Port of Rotterdam in Netherlands completed the first automated container terminal all over the world, and since then, major ports in Europe continue to lead the application of state-of-the-art technologies worldwide based on technical verification and development. In recent years, in accordance with the Fourth Industrial Revolution, major ports in the world are focusing on new concepts called smart ports beyond automation and digitization. Europe is also taking a leading role in policy and technology in the smart port sector. The purpose of this study is to examine the cases of smart port policies in Europe, and then organize and analyze meaningful information based on cases to derive implications. In order to achieve the goal, we first establish the concept of smart ports, and then we will detail the cases of the European Union and the major countries in Europe. The main countries include Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Spain and Belgium. Finally, the implications that presented through the analyzed cases are drawn from various perspectives.
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