본문 바로가기
KERD
논문

정서억제와 주관적 안녕감: 문화 비교 연구

Is Emotion Suppression That Bad? Comparing the Emotion Suppression and Subjective Well-being Link in Two Cultures

0

조회

0

다운로드

77

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 정서억제와 주관적 안녕감의 관계가 문화에 따라 다르게 나타나는지 알아보았다. 연구 결과, 한국인들은 미국인들보다 일상생활에서 정서를 더 많이 억제하고, 정서표현 억제를 덜 어렵게 여기는 것으로 나타났다. 정서억제와 관련된 개인적 특성에서도 문화차가 있었다. 미국에서는 정서억제가 외향성과 부적 상관이 있었지만, 한국에서는 성실성과 정적 상관을 보였다. 기존의 연구들과 일관되게, 미국인 집단에서 정서억제를 많이 하는 사람들은 자아존중감이 낮고 친밀한 대인관계가 적으며, 주관적 안녕감 수준도 낮았다. 반면, 한국인 집단에서는 이러한 부정적 패턴이 나타나지 않았다. 개인의 표현보다 집단의 목표와 관계의 조화를 중시하는 한국 문화에서는 정서억제가 덜 부적응적일 수 있음을 논의하였다.

Abstract

The present study examined possible cultural differences in the relation between emotion suppression and subjective well-being. Compared to Americans, Koreans reported chronically higher levels of emotion suppression, but reported less difficulty in doing so. Cultural variation also emerged in the individual characteristics associated with emotion suppression. Emotion suppression was negatively associated with extraversion in the U. S., whereas it related positively with conscientiousness in Korea. Consistent with past findings, Americans who habitually suppressed their emotions had lower self-esteem, were emotionally distanced from others, and experienced lower subjective well-being than others. Interestingly, these negative patterns were absent in the Korean sample. Overall, the negative psychological signs of emotion suppression seem less evident in Korean culture where collective goals and harmony take precedence over expressions of individuality.

참고문헌 (75)

  1. 구자영, "행복의 양이 한정되어 있다는 믿음과 주관적 안녕감", 석사, pp.2007
  2. 안신능, "자기개념에 따른 자기 불일치와 삶의 만족도의 인과적 관계", 석사, pp.2006
  3. 이화령, "외향적 기질과 행동이 유발하는 정적 정서", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 22(1), pp.159~175 (2008), 한국사회및성격심리학회
  4. 이훈진, "자기 개념과 편집증적 경향", 심리과학, 4, pp.15~29 (1995)
  5. 조긍호, "한국인의 주관적 안녕과 정서의 조절", 사회과학연구, 6, pp.27~86 (1997), 서강대학교 사회과학연구소
  6. 최상진, "현대심리학의 이해 in : 한국인의 심리적 특성" (1997), 학문사
  7. 최상진, "인고에 대한 한국인의 심리:긍정적 보상기대와 부정적 과실상계를 중심으로", 한국심리학회지:사회문제, 7, pp.21~38 (2001)
  8. 최해연, "한국판 정서표현에 대한 양가성 척도의 타당화 및 억제 개념들 간의 비교 연구", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 21(4), pp.71~89 (2007), 한국사회및성격심리학회
  9. 한규석, "사회심리학 이론의 문화특수성:한국인의 사회심리학 연구를 위한 고찰", 한국심리학회지:사회 및 성격, 6, pp.132~155 (1991)
  10. Adams, G, "Toward a conception of culture suitable for a social psychology of culture in The psychological foundations of culture", pp.335~360 (2004), Erlbaum
  11. Aiken, L. S, "Multiple regression:Testing and interpreting interactions" (1991), Sage
  12. Bellah, R. N, "Habits of the heart:Individualism and commitment in American Life" (1985), Harper & Row
  13. Bonnano, G. A, "The importance of being flexible:The ability to enhance and suppress emotional expression as a predictor of long-term adjustment", Psychological Science, 15, pp.482~487 (2004)
  14. Butler, E. A, "The social consequences of expressive suppression", Emotion, 3, pp.48~67 (2003)
  15. Butler, E. A, "Hiding feelings in social contexts:Out of sight is not out of mind in The regulation of emotion", pp.101~126 (2004), Erlbaum
  16. Butler, E. A, "Emotion regulation and culture:Are the social consequences of emotion suppression culture-specific?", Emotion, 7, pp.30~48 (2007)
  17. Clore, G. C, "Why emotions are felt in The nature of emotion:Fundamental questions", pp.103~111 (1994), Oxford University Press
  18. Cohen, S, "Measuring the functional components of social support in Social support:Theory, research, and appli-cation", pp.73~94 (1985), Martinus Nijhoff
  19. Costa, P. T, "Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well- being:Happy and unhappy people", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, pp.668~678 (1980)
  20. Diener, E, "The Satisfaction With Life Scale", Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, pp.71~75 (1985)
  21. Diener, E, "Subjective well-being:Three decades of progress", Psychological Bulletin, 125, pp.276~302 (1999)
  22. Diener, M. L, "Adults' desire for children's emotions across 48 countries:Associa-tions with individual and national characteristics", Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, pp.525~547 (2004)
  23. Eisenberg, N, "Parental socialization of emotion", Psychological Inquiry, 9, pp.241~273 (1998)
  24. Eisenberg, N, "Dispositional emotionality and regulation:Their role in predicting quality of social functioning", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, pp.136~157 (2000)
  25. Emmons, R. A, "Personality corre- lates of subjective well-being", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 11, pp.89~97 (1985)
  26. Friedman, H. S, "Personality, Type A behavior, and coronary heart disease:The role of emotional expression", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, pp.783~792 (1987)
  27. Gosling, S. D, "A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains", Journal of Research in Personality, 37, pp.504~528 (2003)
  28. Gross, J. J, "Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation:Divergent consequences for experience, expression, and physiology", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, pp.224~237 (1998)
  29. Gross, J. J, "The emerging field of emotion regu- lation:An integrative review", Review of General Psychology, 2, pp.271~299 (1998)
  30. Gross, J. J, "Individual differences in two emotion regulation process:Implications for affect, relationship, and well-being", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, pp.348~362 (2003)
  31. Gross, J. J, "The dissociation of emotion expression from emotion experience:A personality perspective", Personality and Social psychology Bulletin, 26, pp.712~726 (2000)
  32. Gross J. J, "Emotional sup-pression:Physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, pp.970~986 (1993)
  33. Gross, J. J, "Hiding feelings:The acute effects of inhibiting negative and positive emotion", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, pp.95~103 (1997)
  34. Gross, J. J, "Emotion regulation in everyday life in Emotion regulation in families:Pathways to dysfunction and health" (2006), American Psychological Association
  35. Harkness, S, "Culture and parenting in Handbook of parenting, Biology and ecology of parenting", pp.211~234 (1995), Lawrence Erlbaum
  36. John, O. P, "Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation:Personality processes, individual differences, and life span development", Journal of Personality, 72, pp.1301~1333 (2004)
  37. John, O. P, "The Big Five trait taxonomy:History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives in Handbook of personality:Theory and research", pp.102~138 (1999), Guilford Press
  38. Kang, S, "Culture-specific patterns in the prediction of life satisfaction:Roles of emotion, relationship quality, and self-esteem", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, pp.1569~1608 (2003)
  39. Kashima, Y, "Do people believe behaviors are consistent with attitudes? Towards a cross-cultural psychology of attribution processes", British Journal of Social Psychology, 31, pp.111~124 (1992)
  40. Kim, B. S. K, "The Asian values scale:Development, factor analy- sis, validation, and reliability", Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, pp.342~352 (1999)
  41. Kim, H. S, "Culture and self-expression in Frontiers of social psychology:The self", pp.325~342 (2007), Psychology Press
  42. Kitayama, S, "Col- lective and personal processes in regulating emo- tions:Emotion and self in Japan and the United States in The regulation of emotion", pp.251~273 (2004), Erlbaum
  43. Kitayama, S, "Yin and yang of the Japanese self:The cultural psychology of coherence in The coherence f personality:Social cognitive bases of personality consistency, variability, and organization", pp.242~302 (1999), Guilford Press
  44. Kitayama, S, "Culture, emotion, and well-being. Good feelings in Japan and the United States", Cognition & Emotion, 14, pp.93~124 (2000)
  45. Kitayama, S, "Cultural affordances and emotional experience:Socially engaging and disengaging emotions in Japan and the United States", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, pp.890~903 (2006)
  46. Knowles, E. D, "Culture and the process of person perception:Evidence for automaticity among East Asians in correcting for situational influences on behavior", Personality and Social Psychology Bul-letin, 27, pp.1344~1356 (2001)
  47. Kwan, V. S, "Pancultural explanations for life satisfaction:Add- ing relationship harmony to self-esteem", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, pp.1038~1051 (1997)
  48. Lucas, R. E, "Cross-cultural evidence for the fundamen- tal features of extraversion", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, pp.452~468 (2000)
  49. Markus, H. R, "Culture and the self:Implications for cognition, emotion, and moti- vation", Psychological Review, 98, pp.224~253 (1991)
  50. Markus, H. R, "Selfways:Diversity in modes of cultural participation in The con- ceptual self in context:Culture, experience, self- understanding", pp.13~60 (1997), Cambridge University Press
  51. Matsumoto, D, "Cultural similarities and differences in display rules", Motivation and Emotion, 14, pp.195~214 (1990)
  52. Matsumoto, D, "Mapping expressive differences around the world:The relationship between emotional display rules and individualism v. Collectivism", Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology
  53. Maslow, A. H, "Motivation and personality" (1954), Harper & Brothers
  54. Mesquita, B, "Emotions as dynamic cultural phe- nomena in The handbook of the affective sciences", pp.871~890 (2003), Oxford University Press
  55. Morling, B, "Cultural practices emphasize influence in the United States and adjustment in Japan", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, pp.311~323 (2002)
  56. Morris, W. N, "Toward the self- regulation of mood:Theory and research", Moti-vation and Emotion, 11, pp.215~249 (1987)
  57. Oyserman, D, "Rethinking individualism and collectivism:Eval- uation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses", Psychological Bulletin, 128, pp.3~72 (2002)
  58. Pavot, W, "Extraversion and happiness", Personality & Individual Differences, 11, pp.1299~1306 (1990)
  59. Pennebaker, J. W, "Confronting a traumatic event:Toward and understanding of inhibition and disease", Journal of Abnormal Psy-chology, 95, pp.274~281 (1986)
  60. Rosenberg, M, "Society and the adolescent self-image" (1965), Princeton University Press
  61. Rogers, C. R, "Client-centered therapy:Its current practice, implications, and theory" (1951), Houghton Mifflin
  62. Scherer, K. R, "The role of culture in emotion- antecedent appraisal", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, pp.902~922 (1997)
  63. Schimmack, U, "Culture, personality, and subjective well-being:Integrating process models of life satisfac-tion", Journal of Personality and Social Psychol-ogy, 82, pp.582~593 (2002)
  64. Semin, G. R, "Cultural perspectives on the linguistic representation of emotion and emotion events", Cognition & Emotion, 16, pp.11~28 (2002)
  65. Sheldon, K. M, "Trait self and true self:Cross-role variation in the Big-Five personality traits and its relations with psychological authenticity and sub- jective well-being", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, pp.1380~1393 (1997)
  66. Shiota, M. N, "Positive emotion and the regulation of interpersonal relationships in The regulation of emotion", pp.127~155 (2004), Erlbaum
  67. Suh, E. M, "Emotion norms, values, familiarity, and subjective well-being:A cross-cultural exami-nation", Master, pp.1994
  68. Suh, E, M, "The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures:Emotion versus norms", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, pp.482~493 (1998)
  69. Tafarodi, R. W, "The inner self in three countries", Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, pp.97~117 (2004)
  70. Triandis, H. C, "The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts", Psychological Review, 96, pp.506~520 (1989)
  71. Triandis, H. C, "Individualism and collectivism" (1995), Westview Press
  72. Tsai, J. L, "Ideal Affect:Cultural causes and behavioral consequences", Perspectives on Psycho-logical Science, 2, pp.242~259 (2007)
  73. Tsai, J. L, "Cultural influences on emotional responding:Chinese American and European American dating couples during interper- sonal conflict", Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, pp.600~626 (1997)
  74. Uchida, Y, "Cultural constructions of happiness:Theory and empirical evidence", Journal of Happiness Studies, 5, pp.223~239 (2004)
  75. Wierzbicka, A, "Emotion, language, and cultural scripts in Emotion and culture", pp.133~196 (1994), American Psychological Association

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (11건)