DETERMINANTS OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF OECD AND EU MEMBER COUNTRIES IN 2000-2017
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This article examines the high youth unemployment rate of developed countries after the financial crisis of 2008 and examines various factors that affect the youth labor market. Persistently high unemployment, particularly among the youth, is a concern in many countries. Against this background, this article conducts empirical tests on youth employment and unemployment in OECD countries and EU Member States for the period 2000-2017. This article shows that high rates of youth unemployment in many developed countries can be attributed to the structural and institutional factors of youth labor markets as well as the economic crisis. Countries with less duality in labor market and more work–study programs display relatively higher levels of youth employment and lower unemployment in unfavorable economic conditions. This finding suggests that a high youth unemployment rate does not have to be attributed exclusively to the economic crisis and that there is room for improvement by designing a more effective youth labor policy.
Abstract
This article examines the high youth unemployment rate of developed countries after the financial crisis of 2008 and examines various factors that affect the youth labor market. Persistently high unemployment, particularly among the youth, is a concern in many countries. Against this background, this article conducts empirical tests on youth employment and unemployment in OECD countries and EU Member States for the period 2000-2017. This article shows that high rates of youth unemployment in many developed countries can be attributed to the structural and institutional factors of youth labor markets as well as the economic crisis. Countries with less duality in labor market and more work–study programs display relatively higher levels of youth employment and lower unemployment in unfavorable economic conditions. This finding suggests that a high youth unemployment rate does not have to be attributed exclusively to the economic crisis and that there is room for improvement by designing a more effective youth labor policy.
참고문헌 (40)
- Anyanwu, J. C., "Characteristics and Macroeconomic Determinants of Youth Employment in Africa", African Development Review, 25(2), pp.107~129 (2013)
- EU Labour Market Behaviour during the Great Recession, "Arpaia, A.", European Commission, ~, pp.European Economy Economic Papers No. 405 (2010)
- Bayrak, R., "The Determinants of Youth Unemployment : A Panel Data Analysis of OECD Countries", European Journal of Comparative Economics, 15(2), pp.231~248 (2018)
- Bernal-Verdugo, L. E., "Labor Market Flexibility and Unemployment : New Empirical Evidence of Static and Dynamic Effects", Comparative Economic Studies, 54(2), pp.251~273 (2012)
- Bertola, G., "Labor Market Institutions and Demographic Employment Patterns", Journal of Population Economics, 20(4), pp.833~867 (2007)
- Booth, A. L., "Temporary Jobs: Steppingstone or Dead Ends?", Economic Journal, 112(480), pp.F189~F213 (2002)
- The Youth Experience Gap: Explaining Differences across EU Countries, "Caroleo F. E.", Universita di Perugia, ~, pp.Quaderni del Dipartimento di Economia, Finanza e Statistica No. 41 (2007), 2007
- Choudhry, M., "Youth Unemployment Rate and Impact of Financial Crises", International Journal of Manpower, 33(1), pp.76~95 (2012)
- Condratov, I., "Determinants of Youth Unemployment : A Survey of the Literature", EcoForum, 3(2), pp.124~128 (2014)
- Destefanis, S., "Labour-market Performance in the OECD : Some Recent Cross-country Evidence", International Journal of Manpower, 31(7), pp.713~731 (2010)
- Dietrich, H., "Youth Unemployment in Europe : Business Cycle and Institutional Effects", International Economics and Economic Policy, 13(1), pp.5~25 (2016)
- Dimitrov, Y., "Youth Unemployment Trends in Bulgaria" (2012), Friedrich-Elbert-Stiftung
- Dolado, J. J., "Drawing Lessons from the Boom of Temporary Jobs in Spain", Economic Journal, 112(480), pp.270~295 (2002)
- Young People’s Labour Market Transitions: The Role of Early Experiences, "Dorsett, R.", National Institute of Economic and Social Research, ~, pp.NIESR Discussion Paper No. 419 (2014)
- The School-to-Work Transition: An Overview of Two Recent Studies, "Dorsett, R.", National Institute of Economic and Social Research, ~, pp.Discussion Paper No. 445 (2015)
- ECB, "ECB Monthly Bulletin February 2014" (2014), European Central Bank
- Eichhorst, W., "Labor Market Reforms in Europe: towards More Flexicure Labor Markets?", Journal for Labour Market Research, 51(3) (2017)
- European Commission, ""Employment in Europe 2010" (2010), European Commission
- Gentile, A., "Young People and Social Policy in Europe. Work and Welfare in Europe" (2014), Palgrave Macmillan
- An Analysis of Youth Unemployment in the Euro Area, "Gomez-Salvador, R.", European Central Bank (ECB), ~, pp.ECB Occasional Paper No. 89 (2008)
- Giovanni, S. F. B., "The Short-and Long-Run Impacts of Financial Crises on Youth Unemployment in OECD Countries", Applied Economics, 49(34), pp.3372~3394 (2016)
- Gouglas, A., "The Young Precariat in Greece : What Happened to Generation 700 Euros", Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 5(1), pp.30~49 (2013)
- Heckman, J., "Handbook of Labour Economics, Vol. 3" (1999), Elsevier
- Youth Unemployment in Europe: Okun's Law and beyond, "IMF", International Monetary Fund, ~, pp.IMF Country Report No. 14 (2014), 199
- Employment Policies in Low Growth Period: Case Studies and Empirical Analyses on European Countries, "Kang, Y.", Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, ~, pp.KIEP Policy Analysis, 15-21 (2015)
- Korenman, S., "Youth Employment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries", pp.57~106 (2000), The University of Chicago Press
- Neumark, D., "Minimum Wages, Labor Market Institutions, and Youth Umployment : A Cross-national Analysis", Industry & Labor Relations Review, 57(2), pp.223~248 (2004)
- Nunziata, L., "Short-term Contracts Regulations and Dynamic Labour Demand : Theory and Evidence", Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 54(1), pp.72~104 (2007)
- This Time it’s Different? Youth Labour Markets during ‘the Great Recession, "O’Higgins, N.", Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), ~, pp.IZA Discussion Paper No. 6434 (2012)
- OECD, "OECD Employment Outlook 2002" (2002), Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- OECD, "Education at Glance" (2006), Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- OECD, "PISA 2015: PISA Results in Focus" (2015), Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
- Pastore, F., "The Youth Experience Gap: Explaining National Differences in the School-to-Work Transition" (2015), Springer
- Why so Slow? The School-to-Work Transition in Italy, "Pastore, F.", Global Labor Organization (GLO), ~, pp.GLO Discussion Paper Series, 65 (2017)
- Polavieja, J. G., "Flexibility or Polarization? Temporary Employment and Job Tasks in Spain", Socio-Economic Review, 3(2), pp.233~258 (2005)
- Refrigeri, L., "Educational Policies and Youth Unemployment", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, pp.1263~1268 (2013)
- Saint-Paul, G., "Dual Labor Markets: A Macroeconomic Perspective" (1998), MIT Press
- Sciulli, D., "University-to-work Transitions : The Case of Perugia", European Journal of Higher Education, 1(1), pp.39~65 (2011)
- Tomić, I., "What Drives Youth Unemployment in Europe? Economic vs NonEconomic Determinants", International Labour Review, 157(3), pp.379~408 (2018)
- World Youth Deeply Concerned about Employment Prospects, Call for Increased Investment, "UN", United Nations, ~, pp.United Nations Report No. SOC (2012), 4792