사이코패스의 전두엽 집행기능 및 정서인식력 손상기전
Frontal Lobe Executive Function and Emotional Recognition Ability of Psychopathic Inmates
0
조회
0
다운로드
18
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 논문에서는 사이코패스(psychopaths)의 손상된 인지기능과 정서인식능력을 설명하는 전두엽기능손상가설(Frontal lobe dysfunction hypothesis)과 폭력억제 메커니즘 모델(Violence inhibition mechanism model)을 바탕으로 국내 유 사집단에 있어서도 동일한 형태의 신경심리학적 손상이 나타나는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 교정시설의 수용자 38명을 표집한 후 이들에게 한국판 PCL-R의 검사를 실시하여 사이코패스 집단과 비사이코패스 집단으로 분류하였다. 이 들 두 집단의 전두엽 집행기능을 살펴보기 위해서는 스트룹 검사(Stroop Test)와 위스콘신카드분류검사(Wisconsin Card Sorting Test)를 시행하였으며, 정서인식능력을 측정하기 위해서는 ERT-R(Emotional Recognition Test -Revised)을 시행하였다. 통제변수로서 피검자의 지능수준을 지정하였는데, 지능을 측정하기 위해서는 한국판 웩슬 러 지능검사(K-WAIS)를 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 사이코패스 집단과 비사이코패스 집단 간에는 지능에 있어 유의미 한 차이가 존재하지 않는 반면 전두엽 집행기능에서는 유의미한 차이가 발견되었다. 정서인식력 검사에서는 두 집단 간에 유의미한 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 본 논문의 사이코패스로 분류된 범죄자들의 집행기능이 통제집단에 비하여 상대적으로 더 낮다는 연구결과는 서구의 실증연구들과 일맥상통하는 결과로서 국내의 형사사법체계 내에서도 일부 범죄자들의 신경학적 손상 치료를 위한 차별화된 치료 및 처우 프로그램의 개발이 시급하다는 사실을 시사해 준다.
Abstract
This article is based on the frontal lobe dysfunction hypothesis and integrated emotion system model related to executive function and emotional recognition abilities of the psychopath and investigates whether the same types of frontal lobe dysfunction and damage to emotional recognition abilities occur in similar groups within the country. For specific research design, PCL-R was conducted with inmates in prisons and based on the results, psychopathic criminals and non-psychopathic criminals were classified. In order to investigate the executive function and emotional recognition in each of two groups, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Test, and a revised version of Emotional Recognition Test were administered. As for the control variable, intelligence of the subjects was measured by Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. As a result of the three tests, there were differences between groups, as we expected. Psychopathic criminals showed lower performance ability than did the non-psychopathic group in terms of executive function. However, there was no significant difference in the Emotional Recognition Test. In conclusion, the result that psychopath criminals were showed relatively lower executive function means a specific treatment program are needed to care some criminals who have neurological dysfunction, in the Criminal Justice System.
참고문헌 (57)
- 이수정, "교정심리검사 및 분류심사절차의 개발", 한국교정학회: 교정연구, 12, pp.263~309 (2001)
- 이수정, "고위험 비행청소년들의 역기능적 정서인식", 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격, 18(3), pp.1~13 (2004), 한국사회및성격심리학회
- 이수정, "잠재적 범죄위험요인으로서의 정신병질(psychopathy)", 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 10(2), pp.39~77 (2004), 한국사회문제심리학회
- 이수정, "문제해결과제를 이용한 정서 인식력 검사의 개발", 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 15, pp.65~86 (2001)
- 이수정, "CBT 정서능력검사의 타당도 연구", 한국심리학회지: 건강, 8(1), pp.41~67 (2003), 한국건강심리학회
- 임영란, "한국웩슬러지능검사(KWIS) 단축형의 정확성 및 타당도에관한 연구-WARD7형과 Doppelt형의 비교", 한국심리학회지:임상, 19, pp.563~574 (2000)
- 염태호, "K-WAIS실시 요강" (1992), 한국 가이던스
- 정혜진, "비행청소년의 전두엽 실행기능의 차이분석: 비행 청소년의 평생 지 속형과 청소년기 제한형을 중심으로", 석사, pp.2005
- 정혜영, "품행장애자의 전두엽 실행기능 결함: 소년 품행장애자의 외현화 증 후군을 중심으로", 석사, pp.2000
- 조은경, "Hare 저 PCL-R 2판 전문가지침서" (2008), 학지사
- 홍재란, "기능적 자기공명 영상법을 이용한 전두엽의 집행기능평가", 치매작업 치료 학회지, 2, pp.47~55 (2008)
- Anderson, S. W, "Impairment of social and moral behavior related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex", Nature Neuroscience, 2, pp.1032~1037 (1999)
- Bandura, A, "Vicarious classical conditioning as a function of arousal level", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, pp.54~62 (1999)
- Barratt, E. S, "Impulsiveness and aggression in Violence and mental disorder: Developments in risk assessment", pp.61~79 (1994), University of Chicago Press
- Blair, R. J. R, "Cognitive developmental approach to morality: Investigating the psychopath", Cognition, 57, pp.1~29 (1995)
- Blair, R. J. R, "Expression recognition and behavior problems in early adolescence", Cognitive Development, 15, pp.421~434 (2000)
- Blair, R. J. R, "Neuro-cognitive models of aggression, The antisocial personality disorders and psychopathy. Journal of Clinical Neurology", Neuro surgery & Psychiatry, 71, pp.727~731 (2001)
- Blair, R. J. R, "Recognition of emotion in facial expressions and vocal tones in children with psychopathic tendencies", Journal of Genetic Psychology, 162, pp.201~211 (2001)
- Blair, R. J. R, "The roles of orbital frontal cortex in the modulation of antisocial behavior", Brain Cognition, 55, pp.198~208 (2004)
- Chaplin, T. C, "Salient victim suffering and the sexual response of child molesters", Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, pp.249~255 (1995)
- Cooke, D. J, "Refining the construct of psychopathy; Towards a hierar chiacal model", Psychological Assessment, 13, pp.171~188 (2001)
- Dempster, F. N, "The rise and fall of the inhibitory mechanism: Toward a unidentified theory of cognitive development and aging", Development Reiview, 12, pp.45~75 (1981)
- Elliot, F. A, "Neurological aspects of antisocial behavior in The Psychopath", pp.1978, Bruner
- Essi Viding, "Evidence for substantial genetic risk for psychopathy in 7 years olds", Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, pp.592~597 (2005)
- Fuster, J. M, "The Prefrontal Cortex: Anatomy, physiology and neuropsychology of the frontal lobe" (1980), Raven Press
- Giancola, P. R, "Neuropsychological performance on tests of frontal-lobe functioning and aggressive behavior in men", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, pp.832~835 (1994)
- Gorenstein, E. E, "Frontal lobe functions in psychopaths", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 91, pp.368~379 (1982)
- Grafman, J, "Frontal lobe in juries, violence, and aggression: A report of the vietnam head injury study", Neurology, 46, pp.1231~1238 (1996)
- Hare, R. D, "Psychopathy and personality dimensions of psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism", Personality and individual Difference, 3, pp.35~42 (1982)
- Hare, R. D, "The Hare psychopathy checklist-revised" (1991), Multi-Health Systems
- Hare, R. D, "Psychopathy: A clinical construct whose time has come", Criminal Justice and Behavior, 23, pp.25~54 (1996)
- Heaton, R. k, "Wisconsin card sorting test manual: Revised and Expanded" (1993), Psychology Assessment Resources
- Intrator, J, "A brain imaging(single photon emission computerized tomography) study of sematic and affective processing in psychopaths", Biological Psychiatry, 42, pp.96~103 (1997)
- Treichel., A, "Gene Variant", Family Factors Can Raise Conduct Disorder Risk Psychiatric News, 39, pp.38~50 (2004)
- Kandel, E, "Frontal lobe dysfunction and antisocial behavior", Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, pp.404~413 (1982)
- Kosson, D. S, "Facial affect recognition in criminal psychopaths", Emotion, 2, pp.389~411 (2002)
- LaPierre D, "Ventral frontal deficits in psychopathy: neuro phycological test findings", Neurophycologia, 131, pp.139~151 (1995)
- Lee, S. J, "Exploring the Forensic Use of the Emotional Recognition Test(ERT)", International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 48, pp.664~682 (2004)
- Lykken, D. T, "A study of anxiety in the sociopathic personality", Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 55, pp.6~10 (1957)
- Lilienfeld, S. O, "The association between antisocial personality and somatization disorders: A review and integration of theoretical models", Clinical Psychology Review, 12, pp.641~662 (1992)
- Miller, B. L, "The human frontal lobe: function and disorders" (1999), The Guilford Press
- Moffit, T. E, "Adolescence limited and life course persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy", Psychological Review, 100, pp.674~701 (1993)
- Newman, J. P, "Response modulation and emotion processing: Implications for psychopathy and other dysregulatory psychopathology in Handbook of Affective Sciences", pp.1043~1067 (2003), University Press
- Barbara Oakley, "Evil genes" (2007), sallim publishing cooperation
- Patrick, C. J, "Emotion in the criminal psychopath: Startle reflex modulation", Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 102, pp.82~92 (1993)
- Pennington, B. f, "Executive function and developmental psychopathology", Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1, pp.51~87 (1996)
- Perry, D. G, "Denial of suffering in the victim as a stimulus to violence in aggressive boys", Child Development, 45, pp.55~62 (1974)
- Perret, E, "The left frontal lobe of man and the suppression of habitual response in verbal categorical behavior", Neuropsychologia, 12, pp.323~330 (1974)
- Raine, A, "Selective reductions in prefrontal glucose metabolism in murderers", Biological Psychiatry, 15, pp.365~373 (1994)
- Raine, A, "Reduced prefrontal and increased subcortical brain functioning assessed using positron emission tomography in predatory and affective murderers", Behavior Science and Law, 16, pp.319~332 (1998)
- Raine, A, "Effect of environmental enrichment at Age 3-5 years on schizotypal personality and antisocial behavior at age 17 and 23 years", The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, pp.1627~1635 (2003)
- Raine, A, "Neuro-anatomica bases; volume redunction in prefrontal lobe gray matter in unsuccessful criminal psychopaths", Biological Psychiatry, 57, pp.320~325 (2005)
- Rice, G, E, "altruism in the albino rat", Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 55, pp.123~125 (1962)
- "The American Journal of Psychology", 1993, 170~
- Stroop, J. R, "Studies of interference in serial verbal reaction", Journal of Experimental Psycho Logy, 18, pp.643~662 (1935)
- Volkow, N. D, "Brain glucose metabolic in violent psychiatric patients: A preliminary study", Psychiatry Research, 61, pp.43~253 (1995)
- Vitale, J. E, "Deficient behavioral inhibition and anomalous selective attention in a community sample of adolescents with psychopathic traits and low-anxiety traits", Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 33, pp.461~470 (2005)