범죄피해자와 피해가장 집단의 PAI 타당도 척도의 비교
Comparison of PAI validity scales between true and fake victims
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본 연구는 성격평가질문지(Personality Assessment Inventory: PAI) 타당도 척도를 이용하여 20대 성인인 범죄피해자 집단과 범죄피해를 가장하는 집단을 잘 변별할 수 있는 절단점을 확인하였다. 범죄피해평가에 참여한 실제 범죄피해자(범죄피해 집단, n = 99, 여성 약 90%)의 PAI 검사 점수를 경찰청으로부터 제공받았고, 범죄피해 경험이 없는 일반인에게 범죄피해를 가장(피해가장 집단, n = 65, 여성 약 60%)하거나 자신의 현재 상태를 솔직하게 응답(일반집단, n = 54, 여성 약 55%)하도록 지시한 후 PAI 검사 점수를 수집하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 피해가장 집단은 범죄피해 집단보다 저빈도(INF) 척도와 부정적 인상(NIM) 척도의 T점수가 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. INF 척도의 경우 T점수 60-66점이 정확성이 가장 높으면서 오류부정 비율이 가장 낮았다. NIM 척도의 T점수 61점을 절단점으로 사용하는 경우 범죄피해 집단과 피해가장 집단을 가장 정확하게 구분해줄 수 있으며, 정확율은 .69로 확인되었다. 또한 오류부정 비율을 최소화할 수 있는 NIM 척도 T점수 84점을 절단점으로 사용하는 경우 오류부정 비율은 8%, 정확률은 .64로 나타났다. 일반집단과 비교하면 피해가장 집단과 범죄피해 집단의 PAI 임상척도의 프로파일은 유사한 경향이 있었으나 피해가장 집단은 실제 범죄피해 집단보다 신체적호소(SOM), 망상(PAR), 조현병(SCZ), 반사회적특징(ANT), 알코올문제(ALC) 척도에서 약 4점에서 20점까지 높은 것으로 나타났다. 논의에서는 범죄피해평가제도의 PAI 검사 활용에서 유의할 점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
In the present study, the validity scales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) of the true victim group and the fake victim group were used to determine the cutoff points for discriminating between the two groups of adults in their twenties. PAI scores of true crime victims who participated in a victim assessment system in Korea (true victim group, n = 99, approximately 90% of females) were provided by the National Police Agency, and PAI scores were collected from community members who had never been victimized. Some of the community members were instructed to fake victimization (fake victim group, n = 65, approximately 60% of females), and the others were instructed to answer honestly about their current status (normal group, n = 54, approximately 55% of females). Results showed that the fake victim group had statistically significantly higher T-scores on the infrequency (INF) and negative impression (NIM) scales than the true victim group. For the INF, a T-score of 60-66 had the highest accuracy and lowest false negative rate. Using 61 T-score points on the NIM scale as the cutoff point provided the most accurate discrimination between true and fake victims, with an accuracy rate of .69. In addition, using 84 T-score points on the NIM scale as the cutoff point, which can minimize the false negative rate, reduced the false negative rate to 8%, and the accuracy rate was .64. Compared with the normal group, the PAI clinical scale profiles of the true and fake victim groups were similar, but the fake victim group scored approximately 4 to 20 T-score points higher than the true victim group on the scales of physical appeal (SOM), paranoia (PAR), schizophrenia (SCZ), antisocial traits (ANT), and alcohol problems (ALC). The implications for the use of the PAI in the Korean Victim Assessment System were discussed.
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