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성소수자(LGB)에 대한 비성소수자의 태도와 태도 예측 변인에 관한 연구: 접촉 경험, 종교적 근본주의 및 본질주의적 믿음을 중심으로

A Study on Attitudes and Predictors of Attitudes of Cisgender Heterosexuals toward Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual(LGB): Focusing on Contact Experience, Religious Fundamentalism, and Essentialist Beliefs

박혜경|고현
한국사회및성격심리학회|2023.05|한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 (Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology)|제37권 제2호|pp. 101-138|DOI 10.21193/kjspp.2023.37.2.001

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참고문헌

키워드

성소수자(LGB)에 대한 태도접촉 경험종교적 근본주의동성애에 대한 본질주의적 믿음attitude of cisgender heterosexuals toward LGBcontact experiencereligious fundamentalismessentialist beliefs about homosexuality
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구에서는 성소수자(lesbian, gay, & bisexual; LGB)에 대한 비성소수자의 태도가 성소수자의 성별과 성적 지향에 따라 다르게 나타나는지, 그리고 성소수자와의 접촉 경험, 비성소수자가 지닌 종교적 근본주의 및 본질주의적 믿음이 비성소수자의 성소수자에 대한 태도를 예측하는지 알아보았다. 만 19세에서 39세 비성소수자 남녀를 대상으로 온라인 연구를 실시하였으며, 총 308명의 자료를 분석하였다. 연구 참가자들은 레즈비언과 게이에 대한 태도 척도, 양성애에 대한 태도 척도, 직접 및 간접 접촉 문항들, 다차원 근본주의 척도, 동성애에 대한 본질주의적 믿음 척도 및 인구통계학적 문항들에 응답하였다. 자료 분석 결과, 비성소수자의 성소수자에 대한 태도는 성소수자의 성별이 여성보다 남성일 때, 그리고 성소수자의 성적 지향이 동성애자보다 양성애자일 때 상대적으로 부정적인 것으로 나타났다. 위계적 중다회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 간접 접촉 문항 중 준사회적 상호작용, 종교적 근본주의의 하위 요인 중 세속적 거부 대 지지, 동성애에 대한 본질주의적 믿음의 하위 요인 중 분별성, 불변성 및 보편성이 성소수자에 대한 태도를 유의하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 매체에 등장하는 성소수자를 사회적으로 매력적이지 않고 사실적이지 않다고 인지할수록, 세속적인 것보다 종교를 지지할수록, 동성애자와 이성애자 사이에 근본적인 차이가 있다고 믿을수록, 성적 지향이 어린 시절에 결정되며 고정되는 범주가 아니라고 믿을수록, 동성애가 역사․문화적으로 보편적이지 않다고 믿을수록 성소수자에 대한 태도가 부정적인 것으로 나타났다. 추가로, 레즈비언, 게이, 양성애자 여성 및 양성애자 남성에 대한 태도에 대하여 각각 위계적 중다회귀분석을 실시하였을 때, 태도 예측 변인들이 다소 상이하게 나타났다. 본 연구는 국내 비성소수자의 성소수자에 대한 태도와 그 예측 변인을 다방면으로 살펴보았다는 데 의의가 있다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 제한점 및 후속 연구 방향에 대하여 논하였다.

Abstract

This study attempts to examine whether attitudes of cisgender heterosexuals toward lesbians, gays, and bisexuals (LGB) differ depending on their gender and sexual orientation and whether contact experience, religious fundamentalism, and essentialist beliefs are related to attitudes of cisgender heterosexuals toward LGB. To address these questions, we conducted an online study of cisgender heterosexuals aged from 19 to 39 years and analyzed data from 308 participants. Participants responded to the attitudes toward lesbians and gays scale, attitudes regarding bisexuality scale, direct/indirect contact experience questions, multi-dimensional fundamentalism inventory, essentialist beliefs about homosexuality scale, and other demographic questions. As a result, participants showed a more negative attitude toward men sexual minorities compared with women sexual minorities and bisexuals compared with homosexuals. In addition, indirect contact experience-parasocial interaction, a subscale of religious fundamentalism-worldly rejection versus worldly affirmation, and subscales of essentialist beliefs about homosexuality-discreteness, immutability, and universality were significant predictors of attitudes of cisgender heterosexuals toward LGB. Specifically, attitudes toward LGB were found to be more negative if participants perceived LGB characters in the media less socially attractive and realistic, if they supported religion over secularity, and if they believed that there was fundamental psychological difference between homosexuals and heterosexuals, that sexual orientation was a category that can be changed throughout a lifetime, and that homosexuality was historically and culturally limited. In addition, we conducted separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses on attitudes toward lesbian, gay, bisexual women, and bisexual men and found that attitude predictors were somewhat different. This study is meaningful in that it examined cisgender heterosexuals toward LGB in various ways. Finally, the study’s limitations and directions for future research were discussed.

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