성소수자의 차별 경험이 낙인 인식에 미치는 영향에서 사회적 지지의 조절 효과: 성지향성, 성정체성, 교차성 소수자를 중심으로
The Moderating Effect of Social Support in The Influence of Discrimination Experiences of Sexual Minorities on Stigma Perception;Focusing on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Intersectionality Minorities
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본 연구는 성소수자가 지각하는 차별 경험과 낙인 인식에 대해 살펴보고, 사회적 지지가 차별 경험과 낙인 인식 간의 관계를 조절하는지 알아보았다. 이를 위해 664명의 성소수자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 수집된 자료를 분석하였다. 먼저, 참여자를 성적지향 소수자 집단(레즈비언, 게이, 양성애자)과 성정체성 소수자 집단(바이너리 트랜스젠더, 논바이너리)으로 구분하고 차별 경험과 낙인 인식 수준을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 성적지향 소수자 집단에서는 레즈비언 및 게이가 양성애자에 비해 높은 차별 경험과 낙인 인식을 보였고, 성정체성 소수자(성적지향 소수자이면서 성정체성 소수자) 집단에서는 바이너리 트랜스젠더가 논바이너리에 비해 높은 차별 경험과 낙인 인식을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 성적지향 소수자 집단, 성정체성 소수자 집단, 교차성 소수자 집단을 비교한 결과, 성정체성 소수자 집단과 교차성 소수자 집단이 성적지향 소수자보다 높은 차별 경험과 낙인 인식을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 전체 자료를 대상으로 사회적 지지의 조절 효과에 대해 분석하였다. 그 결과, 가족 지지, 비성소수자 친구 지지, 성소수자 지지의 조절효과가 모두 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로, 세 유형의 사회적 지지는 차별 경험이 많을수록 낙인 인식을 완충하는 효과가 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구의 학문적 및 임상적 시사점, 한계점, 후속 연구를 위한 제안점에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate perceived discrimination and stigma perception by sexual minorities as well as the moderating effects of social support in the relationship between perceived discrimination and stigma. For this, we conducted a survey with 664 sexual minority participants and compared the level of perceived discrimination and stigma among and between sexual orientation groups (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) and gender identity groups (binary transgender and non-binary). As a result, firstly, lesbians and gays exhibited higher levels of perceived discrimination and stigma than bisexuals individuals. In addition, binary transgender individuals showed higher levels of perceived discrimination and stigma than non-binary individuals. Furthermore, gender identity and intersectional identity groups exhibited higher levels of perceived discrimination and stigma than the sexual orientation group. Secondly, we found that the moderating effects of family support, support from non-sexual minority friends, and support from sexual minority peers were significant in the relationship between perceived discrimination and stigma. Specifically, these three types of social support were found to have less effect of buffering stigma perception with more experiences of discrimination. Based on the results, academic and clinical implications, limitations and suggestions for future research were discussed.
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