Cultural Politics and Performative Identities in the Kim Jong Un Era
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This paper examines the implications of cultural politics by evaluating the method through which the North Korean authorities use cultural things in government and the way the people perform culture in their lives in the Kim Jong Un era. The North Korean authorities had the tasks of invigorating the economy to improve the livelihood of the people while responding to changing awareness of the people due to the acceptance of external culture. They also had to uplift the status of the state and build the leadership of Kim Jong Un both at home and abroad. For these reasons, the regime does not control foreign culture by all means. Rather, the government adopts the foreign culture as its own, and acculturates and naturalizes, and re-interprets it within the acceptable range of discourses among the North Korean authorities. While directly putting censorship on the population as in the past, the regime also controls people for their ideology and life by using such cultural elements as music and physical education. North Korean people have also shown duality in conducting cultural activities. They not only act against the traditional culture, but they also re-appropriate the physical, institutional bases in which the existing culture can be alive, exposing their duality in performing cultures. North Koreans also indigenize the traditional norms by integrating them with the new culture. The duality of North Koreans in their performance composes their multiple identities. The people of North Korea obey the authorities on the one hand, meanwhile composing main agents of violating the system on the other hand. This duality the people practice makes it difficult to define their identities just being compliant or violational to the system, and therefore, a causal relationship between accepting the foreign culture and changes in the regime is negative. Nevertheless, given that the repeated double performances can bring about the neutralization of the existing discourses, the dual conduct by the North Koreans indicates potential changes.
Abstract
This paper examines the implications of cultural politics by evaluating the method through which the North Korean authorities use cultural things in government and the way the people perform culture in their lives in the Kim Jong Un era. The North Korean authorities had the tasks of invigorating the economy to improve the livelihood of the people while responding to changing awareness of the people due to the acceptance of external culture. They also had to uplift the status of the state and build the leadership of Kim Jong Un both at home and abroad. For these reasons, the regime does not control foreign culture by all means. Rather, the government adopts the foreign culture as its own, and acculturates and naturalizes, and re-interprets it within the acceptable range of discourses among the North Korean authorities. While directly putting censorship on the population as in the past, the regime also controls people for their ideology and life by using such cultural elements as music and physical education. North Korean people have also shown duality in conducting cultural activities. They not only act against the traditional culture, but they also re-appropriate the physical, institutional bases in which the existing culture can be alive, exposing their duality in performing cultures. North Koreans also indigenize the traditional norms by integrating them with the new culture. The duality of North Koreans in their performance composes their multiple identities. The people of North Korea obey the authorities on the one hand, meanwhile composing main agents of violating the system on the other hand. This duality the people practice makes it difficult to define their identities just being compliant or violational to the system, and therefore, a causal relationship between accepting the foreign culture and changes in the regime is negative. Nevertheless, given that the repeated double performances can bring about the neutralization of the existing discourses, the dual conduct by the North Koreans indicates potential changes.
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