아편전쟁이후 중화프로그램의 위기 및 그 문제해결과정에 관한 연구
The Chinese Response to the Poltical Crisis in the Late Qing Empire: Sino-centrism and Its Degenerative Problemshift
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
초록
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explain the Chinese response to the "Western Impact" during the late Qing period. To meet this, this article introduces the Lakatosian term "research program" defined as a series of theories sharing a core theoretical assumption but having different auxiliary hypotheses. With this term, Imre Lakatos argues that a theory is not falsified by an empirical counter-evidence. Rather, when confronted with "anomalies," he says, scientists generally attempt to save their theories in danger by adding various auxiliary hypotheses to the core assumption. If such an effort succeeds, the shifts of a research program can be labelled as "progressive," or "degenerative" otherwise. In this regard, Qing's response to the Western Impact can be explained the same way scientists tries to save their theories in danger. That is, the Qing government and reformers sought to save "Sino-program" by introducing various auxiliary hypotheses. For example, right after the second Opium War in 1860, a reform group called Yangwupai pursued Western technology for "Self-Strengthening." Also, after the Sino-Japanese War in 1895, a political faction led by Kang Youwei attempted to reform the political organization including constitutionalization within the Confucious order. However, such attempts did not succeed in achieving the goal of self- strengthening due to the degenerative characteristics embedded in themselves. As a result, revolutionaries came to appearance. They suggested an alternative method for Self-Strengthening such as the establishment of Republic state instead of ad hoc adjustments to the Sino-program. Under this circumstance, the Sino-program had finally broken down in 1911.
참고문헌 (37)
- "5ㆍ4운동", VI (1997), 서울: 지식산업사
- "?19세기말 한중 관계사 연구?" (2000), 서울: 백산자료원
- "‘교안’과 의화단", VI (1997), 서울: 지식산업사
- "중국사 시대구분론의 사회적 배경과 그 의의 및 전망 창작과 비평사" (1984)
- "?중국근대개혁운동의 연구?" (1996), 서울: 일조각
- "민국혁명론: 현대사의 기점으로서의 신해혁명과 5.4 운동", VI (1997), 서울: 지식산업사
- "양무운동의 성격 서울대학교 동양사학연구실 편" (1989)
- "?중국혁명사?" (2002), 서울: 한울아카데미
- "?근대중국의 서양인식?" (1985)
- "?중국근대사?" (2000), 서울: 대명출판사
- "?19세기 중국사회?" (2000), 서울: 신서원
- "?중화사상의 이해?" (2003), 서울: 신서원
- "청대 중국의 대통일적 중화체계와 대외인식의 변동", pp.49~
- "임진왜란시 명의 파병에 관한 논고 ?임진왜란과 한중관계?", 11 (1999), 역사비평사
- "중화제국질서의 동요 서울대학교동양사학연구실 편" (1989)
- "서울대학교동양사학연구회 편" (1989)
- "중공에서의 자본주의맹아론 창작과 비평사" (1984)
- "A Study of Order in World Politics" (1979), The Macmillan Press
- "The Cambridge History of China Vol" (1890), Cambridge University Press
- "Discovering History in China" (1984), Columbia University Press
- "The Cambridge History of China Vol" (1800), Cambridge University Press
- "The Cambridge History of China Vol" (1866), Cambridge University Press
- "The Cambridge History of China Vol" (1900), Cambridge University Press
- "Dynastic decline and the roots of rebellion The Cambridge History of China Vol" (1800), Cambridge University Press
- "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions The University of Chicago" (1974)
- "The University of Chicago Press" (1977)
- "A History of the People's Republic" (1986), The Free Press
- "Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge" (1982), Cambridge University Press
- "Chinese Foreign Policy in an Age of Transition" (1971), Beacon Press
- "A Neorealist Esplanation of Chinese Military Intervention in the Korean Peninsula: Power Shifts, Threat Perceptions and Rational Choice" (2005)
- "The Myth of the Framework" (1997), M.A. Notturno, Lodon: Routledge
- "Themes in intellectual history The Cambridge History of China" (1983), Cambridge University Press
- "China's Response to the West" (1970)
- "Theory of International Politics" (1979), Addison- Wesley Publishing Company
- "Historical Notes on the Chinese World Order" (1968), Harvard University Press
- "Changing Chinese views of Western relations The Cambridge History of China Vol" (1840), Cambridge University Press
- "임진왜란과 한중관계" (1999), 서울: 역사비평사