토마스 킹의 경계적 사유와 북미 원주민의 트랜스로컬리티의 문제
Thomas King’s Border Thinking and the Question of Indigenous Peoples’ Translocality in North America
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This paper aims to examine some characteristics of Thomas King’s border thinking and the question of translocality King explores by analyzing his short stories and essays. The paper gives particular attention to borders such as the physical border established between Canada and the United States, a result of colonialism in North America, and the border of identity (indigenous peoples’ identity in North America in particular). Hence, the term border includes both visible and invisible borders or boundaries. King’s thoughts on these borders are closely related to the ways in which such borders imposed by the dominant white regimes in the process of colonization and the establishment of nation-states affect the lives of indigenous peoples and their thought world. Not only does King represent the coloniality of such borders, but he also highlights important aspects of indigenous peoples’ lives in his writings, that is, the ways in which their lives are fundamentally hemispheric (or transnational and translocal) rather than limited to the border of one nation-state. Furthermore, King’s attempts to question and overcome the physical border and the border of identity in relation to indigenous peoples’ lives in North America criticize how such colonial borders can serve to colonize the mind of (colonized) people and also suggest how decolonial (or anticolonial) thinking toward the decolonization of the mind can be explored. This paper studies some characteristics of King’s border thinking by relating the topic of border to the topic of locality. The concept of translocality in particular helps us to consider how King’s border thinking tackles the question of borders, such as a physical border, the border of colonial identity, the border of thought world, etc., and also to explore how it can become transborder and decolonial. This also helps us to consider how the concept of translocality, which has often been used in social sciences and geography in particular, can become a useful critical concept for literary and cultural studies in humanities. By focusing on the possibility of crossing the boundary of borders as suggested in the term ‘trans’ in translocality, this paper attempts to explore a potential for extending the boundary of translocality as a critical concept that can contribute to questioning and overcoming the colonial frame of borders often imposed vertically and oppressively. This study hopes to show how a different cognitive mapping of indigenous peoples’ cultural geography in North America can be made possible.
Abstract
This paper aims to examine some characteristics of Thomas King’s border thinking and the question of translocality King explores by analyzing his short stories and essays. The paper gives particular attention to borders such as the physical border established between Canada and the United States, a result of colonialism in North America, and the border of identity (indigenous peoples’ identity in North America in particular). Hence, the term border includes both visible and invisible borders or boundaries. King’s thoughts on these borders are closely related to the ways in which such borders imposed by the dominant white regimes in the process of colonization and the establishment of nation-states affect the lives of indigenous peoples and their thought world. Not only does King represent the coloniality of such borders, but he also highlights important aspects of indigenous peoples’ lives in his writings, that is, the ways in which their lives are fundamentally hemispheric (or transnational and translocal) rather than limited to the border of one nation-state. Furthermore, King’s attempts to question and overcome the physical border and the border of identity in relation to indigenous peoples’ lives in North America criticize how such colonial borders can serve to colonize the mind of (colonized) people and also suggest how decolonial (or anticolonial) thinking toward the decolonization of the mind can be explored. This paper studies some characteristics of King’s border thinking by relating the topic of border to the topic of locality. The concept of translocality in particular helps us to consider how King’s border thinking tackles the question of borders, such as a physical border, the border of colonial identity, the border of thought world, etc., and also to explore how it can become transborder and decolonial. This also helps us to consider how the concept of translocality, which has often been used in social sciences and geography in particular, can become a useful critical concept for literary and cultural studies in humanities. By focusing on the possibility of crossing the boundary of borders as suggested in the term ‘trans’ in translocality, this paper attempts to explore a potential for extending the boundary of translocality as a critical concept that can contribute to questioning and overcoming the colonial frame of borders often imposed vertically and oppressively. This study hopes to show how a different cognitive mapping of indigenous peoples’ cultural geography in North America can be made possible.
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