햄릿: 실재론과 유명론 사이 전환기에 처한 근대적 개인주의자의 초상
Hamlet: The Portrait of a Modernist Individual Trapped Between Realism and Nominalism
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Hamlet is an individue problématique, who has fought his way through the Exchange Value under the rubric of the dominant ideology of Realism to experience Substantial Value current in the emergent Nominalism. In this light, his nihilism and madness, although feigned, are more than natural. More roughly generalizing, the radical shift of episteme was instigated by William of Ockham's Summa of Logic in the 14th century. Montaigne's essays in ‘domestic style’, obviously influenced by Nominalism, have wielded a fruitful impact on the creation of Shakespeare's oeuvre. Shakespeare's insights into the topography of human psychology were thus greatly indebted to Montaigne's keen understanding of human ethos based on modern individualism, which has arguably reached an apex in Kierkegaardian concept of the Existentialist Self. The analysis of Hamlet based on Existentialist individualism testifies to the dramatist's keen acumen into the depth recess of human psychology, which was philosophically emulated by such British Enlightenment thinkers as Hobbes, Locke and Hume in their analysis of human perception. Shakespeare's effort to delve into the untrodden realm of human consciousness is textually substantiated in a dramatic sequence of Hamlet's conversation with his Mother Queen, where he condemns her infidelity. Beneath the dialogue between them lies the conflict between Realism and Nominalism thereby affecting the relationship between appearance and reality in destructive terms, which ultimately vicitmizes Hamlet as skeptic lacking the courage to execute his justifiable plan. The stage of Hamlet is thus inundated with a deluge of dialogues and metaphors disclosing the rift between language and referent To summarize, Aristotelian ontology was challenged and revised by William of Ockham, whose ontological dogmas were later inherited and aesthetically substantiated by Montaigne and Shakespeare. A variety of aesthetic and cultural texts flourished in its wake and finally sped up the process of Western Enlightenment. Herein lies Shakespeare's greatness by virtue of its historical role as an epoch- making bridge between Realism and Nominalism, which is traceable in Hamlet.
Abstract
Hamlet is an individue problématique, who has fought his way through the Exchange Value under the rubric of the dominant ideology of Realism to experience Substantial Value current in the emergent Nominalism. In this light, his nihilism and madness, although feigned, are more than natural. More roughly generalizing, the radical shift of episteme was instigated by William of Ockham's Summa of Logic in the 14th century. Montaigne's essays in ‘domestic style’, obviously influenced by Nominalism, have wielded a fruitful impact on the creation of Shakespeare's oeuvre. Shakespeare's insights into the topography of human psychology were thus greatly indebted to Montaigne's keen understanding of human ethos based on modern individualism, which has arguably reached an apex in Kierkegaardian concept of the Existentialist Self. The analysis of Hamlet based on Existentialist individualism testifies to the dramatist's keen acumen into the depth recess of human psychology, which was philosophically emulated by such British Enlightenment thinkers as Hobbes, Locke and Hume in their analysis of human perception. Shakespeare's effort to delve into the untrodden realm of human consciousness is textually substantiated in a dramatic sequence of Hamlet's conversation with his Mother Queen, where he condemns her infidelity. Beneath the dialogue between them lies the conflict between Realism and Nominalism thereby affecting the relationship between appearance and reality in destructive terms, which ultimately vicitmizes Hamlet as skeptic lacking the courage to execute his justifiable plan. The stage of Hamlet is thus inundated with a deluge of dialogues and metaphors disclosing the rift between language and referent To summarize, Aristotelian ontology was challenged and revised by William of Ockham, whose ontological dogmas were later inherited and aesthetically substantiated by Montaigne and Shakespeare. A variety of aesthetic and cultural texts flourished in its wake and finally sped up the process of Western Enlightenment. Herein lies Shakespeare's greatness by virtue of its historical role as an epoch- making bridge between Realism and Nominalism, which is traceable in Hamlet.
참고문헌 (29)
- Abbot, Francis E., "Scientific Philosophy : A Theory of Human Knowledge", Mind, 7(28), pp.461~495 (1882)
- Beckwith, Sarah, "Sarah"Stephen Greenblatt's Hamlet and the Forms of Oblivion", Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 33, pp.261~280 (2003)
- Friend, Julius W., "Nominalism: The Dilemma of Western Civilization", The Virginia Quarterly Review, 11(3), pp.416~434 (1935)
- Ginasco, Frederick H., "The Question of Universals and the Problem of Faith and Reason", The Philosophical Quarterly, 9(37), pp.319~329 (1959)
- Goldman, Lucien, "Le Dieu Caché" (1956), Éditions Gallimard
- Grady, Hugh, "Shakespeare's Links to Machiavelli and Montaigne:Constructing Intellectual Modernity in Early Modern Europe", Comparative Literature, 52(2), pp.119~142 (2000)
- 한정이, "『햄릿』에 나타난 르네상스 개인주의", Shakespeare Review, 46(3), pp.631~649 (2010), 한국셰익스피어학회[DOI]
- Heidegger, Martin, "Being and Time" (1962), Harper
- Hume, David, "An Enquiry Concernning Human Understanding" (2008), Oxford UP
- Hwang, Hoon-sung, "Death in Western Literature" (2014), SNU Press
- 황훈성, "서양문학에 나타난 죽음" (2014), 서울대학교 출판 문화원
- 황훈성, "The Evolution of Modern English Drama: From Enlightenment to English Drama" (2020), SNU Press
- 정윤길, "알베르 카뮈의 부조리 개념과 부조리극의 선구자로서의 윌리엄 셰익스피어의 『햄릿』", 영어영문학, 67(4), pp.649~671 (2021), 한국영어영문학회[DOI]
- Knowles, Ronald, "Hamlet and Counter-Humanism", Renaissance Quarterly, 52(4), pp.1046~1069 (1999)
- Lindsay, James, "The Logic and Metaphysics of Occam", The Monist, 30(4), pp.521~547 (1920)
- Margolis, Joseph, "The Problems of Similarity : Realism and Nominalism", The Monist, 61(3), pp.384~400 (1978)
- Martin, John, "Inventing Sincerity, Refashioning Prudence : The Discovery of the Individual in Renaissance Europe", The American Historical Review, 102(5), pp.1309~1342 (1997)
- Maurer, Armand A, "Method in Ockham's Nominalsim", The Monist, 61(3), pp.426~443 (1978)
- Montégut, Émile, "“Types Moderns en Litérature: Hamlet ” Revue des Deux Mondes (1829-1971)", Seconde Période, 2(3), pp.657~674 (1856)
- Montaigne, Michel de, "The Completer Essays" (1993), Penguin
- Morgan, Alison, "Dante and the Medieval Other World" (1990), Cambridge UP
- Ockham, William, "Brown in Opera philosophica, Vol. 1" (1974), The Franciscan Institue
- 월리엄 오캄, "논리학 대전: 제 1부 명사(名辭에 대하여)" (2017), 나남
- Oberman, Heiko A., "Some Notes on the Theology of Nominalism:With Attention to Its Relation to the Renaissance", The Harvard Theological Review, 53(1), pp.47~76 (1960)
- 박주원, "「스봉에 대한 변론」을 통해서 본몽테뉴의‘ 이성’ 비판: 16세기 이성의 역동성, 자연이성과 비판이성의 회복을 위하여", 현상과 인식, 38(4), pp.61~80 (2014), 한국인문사회과학회
- Prior, Moody E., "The Thought of Hamlet and the Modern Temper", ELH, 15(4), pp.261~285 (1948)
- Spinoza, Benedict, "Ethics" (2001), Wordsworth Edt. Lit
- Van Den Berg, Hug A., "Occam's razor", Progress, 101(3), pp.261~272 (2018)
- Van Oort, Richard, "Shakespeare and the Idea of the Modern", New Literary History, 37(2), pp.319~339 (2006)