폭력과 유토피아: 근대와 반근대의 문학적 이념
Violence and Utopia: Literary Ideas between Modernity and Counter-Modernity
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In general, ‘Utopia’ has been regarded as a trans-historical place to refer to an idealized paradise. However, at the same time, it has been considered an ideal space that must be planned indispensable to dream of a ‘New community,’ and activated through political and social contexts. For example, Thomas More's Utopia, Tommaso Campanella's City of Sun, and Francis Bacon's The New Atlantis etc. are the various visions of a literary utopia on the one hand, while a revolutionary utopia on the other. However, the outlook for the ‘New community’ in these Utopian models was constructed and limited through the conditions of the Modern state and society. If the Utopia since More has a characteristic of Modernity, despite its idealistic nature, it will also include problems related to the Modern state and society. For instance, the organization of labor for wealth reproduction, control and reproduction of population through individuals and families, and the organization and reproduction of knowledge for the maintenance and survival of the community were the most important aspects of Modern Statism and were originally included in Modern utopian project. The structural link between Statism and violence is one of the most important issues that continues to this era. Therefore, the fact that the utopian idea implied its connection from the beginning is a major focus in understanding the post-modern world. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the inherent connection between Modern Utopia, Statism, and violence, and where the starting point for new thinking beyond it is.
Abstract
In general, ‘Utopia’ has been regarded as a trans-historical place to refer to an idealized paradise. However, at the same time, it has been considered an ideal space that must be planned indispensable to dream of a ‘New community,’ and activated through political and social contexts. For example, Thomas More's Utopia, Tommaso Campanella's City of Sun, and Francis Bacon's The New Atlantis etc. are the various visions of a literary utopia on the one hand, while a revolutionary utopia on the other. However, the outlook for the ‘New community’ in these Utopian models was constructed and limited through the conditions of the Modern state and society. If the Utopia since More has a characteristic of Modernity, despite its idealistic nature, it will also include problems related to the Modern state and society. For instance, the organization of labor for wealth reproduction, control and reproduction of population through individuals and families, and the organization and reproduction of knowledge for the maintenance and survival of the community were the most important aspects of Modern Statism and were originally included in Modern utopian project. The structural link between Statism and violence is one of the most important issues that continues to this era. Therefore, the fact that the utopian idea implied its connection from the beginning is a major focus in understanding the post-modern world. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the inherent connection between Modern Utopia, Statism, and violence, and where the starting point for new thinking beyond it is.
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