What Determines R&D Intensity? Evidence from Japanese Manufacturing Firms
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We examine the determinants of research and development (R&D) intensity in Japanese manufacturing industries using a large sample of 13,000 firms for 1994. The results show that the technological opportunity and appropriability conditions of an industry play a central role in R&D investment. We also find that internal funds, firm size, advertising intensity, diversification, intra- and inter-firm networking technologies, licensing, export intensity, and foreign ownership positively affect R&D investment, while the effects of outsourcing, domestic ownership and market concentration are negative.
Abstract
We examine the determinants of research and development (R&D) intensity in Japanese manufacturing industries using a large sample of 13,000 firms for 1994. The results show that the technological opportunity and appropriability conditions of an industry play a central role in R&D investment. We also find that internal funds, firm size, advertising intensity, diversification, intra- and inter-firm networking technologies, licensing, export intensity, and foreign ownership positively affect R&D investment, while the effects of outsourcing, domestic ownership and market concentration are negative.
참고문헌 (24)
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