러시아 문화의 상징, 문장의 의미 분석

Abstract

Traditionally, a coat of arms is a colored mark used to symbolically represent a particular family, community, or individual. The coat of arms began to be used in western Europe from the middle of the 12th century and was not monopolized by knights or aristocratic families but was also widely used by various groups such as cities and convents. The coat of arms consists of a line, a geometric pattern, or a concrete pattern such as a plant, an animal or an object, according to strictly defined rules. The coat of arms was originally used as a personal symbol only for the military use of the knights, but gradually became a hereditary symbol of a family. On the other hand, since the middle of the 13th century, the practice of the use of coat of arms has expanded widely in society and has started to be used by women, clergy, urban people, handicraftsmen, and even farmers in some areas (Normandy, Flanders and Switzerland). After the 14th century, many different groups such as cities, trade unions, and monastic orders adopted the coat of arms as a symbol of community. At the end of the Middle Ages, the coat of arms deeply penetrated the lives of ordinary people. The Russian national coat of arms and the coat of arms of the federal states retain the history and culture of each federal entity in the symbols, just as in other European cities. In other words, the coat of arms of the Russian Federation is not simply a decoration, but it shows the status and identity of an individual or a group using it, and also has the function of marking the exclusive ownership of the object by drawing a coat of arms on his possessions. It is not simply a matter of fashion or taste, but is closely related to social and anthropological problems such as inheritance, kinship, and sovereign & subject relationship. Therefore, analyzing the types of coats of arms deepens understanding of the structure of the coat of arms, and recognizes the messages that the coats of arms want to convey through symbolic signs, colors and composition. In the future, it is necessary to typify the coats of arms of the Russian Federation in standard forms as shields, circles, banners, birds, symbols and patterns. Thus, through the standard structures of Russian coats of arms, we can clearly understand the identity of the owner of coat of arms such as local governments, and we can also grasp the diverse and subtle meaning of central elements, supporters, and motifs in it.