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에티오피아의 조혼 관습에 대한 생애사적 접근

A Life-History Approach to the Practice of Early Marriage in Ethiopia

설병수
비교문화연구소 (Center for Cross Culture Studies)|2016.03|비교문화연구 (Cross-Cultural Studies)|제42권 |pp. 69-106|DOI 10.21049/ccs.2016.42..69

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참고문헌

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가족생활educational attainmentEthiopia에티오피아조혼early marriagefamily life교육적 성취메키 타운Meki town
주제분류문학

초록

현대 사회에서 조혼은 많은 문제를 낳고 있다 . 조혼은 양성 불평등 , 빈곤 및 사회규범 때문에 조장되며 , 사회적 힘의 불균형을 재생산한다 . 에티오피아 정부는 2000 년의 가족법 개정과 2005 년에 새로 도입된 형법을 통해 , 여성의 법률적 최소 결혼 연령을 15 세에서 18 세로 상향 조정하였다 . 그럼에도 불구하고 조혼 현상은 에티오피아사회에서 여전히 광범하게 발견된다 . 이것은 조혼 관습이 장기간에 걸쳐 사람들의 삶속에서 체화되고 실천되어 왔기 때문이다 . 에티오피아의 조혼 관습에 대한 기존의 연구들은 여성의 경험에만 초점을 두고 있고 , 조혼한 모든 사람 ― 특히 여성 ― 은 불행한 삶을 살고 있는 것처럼 간주하며 , 조혼이여성의 학업에 부정적으로만 작용하는 것처럼 여기는 경향이 있다 . 본 논문은 이러한문제점을 극복하기 위해 , 다양한 사회 ⋅ 경제적 배경을 가진 사람들의 생애사를 통해조혼 문제를 고찰하고자 한다 . 본 논문의 목적은 에티오피아에서는 왜 조혼이 발생하고 있으며 , 이 관습이 가족생활과 여성의 교육적 성취에 어떤 영향을 미쳐 왔는지를세 개 타운 ― 메키 , 데라 , 즈와이 ― 의 사례를 통해 검토하는 데 있다 . 본 논문에서 알 수 있듯이 조혼은 여성의 삶에 대체로 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있는것이 사실이다 . 그러나 일부 남성 역시 조혼의 피해자이며 , 일부 여성은 조혼을 통해자신의 삶을 개선해 온 것도 사실이다 . 이것은 우리가 조혼 문제를 다룰 때 다양한 사람들의 목소리에 귀를 기울일 필요가 있음을 일깨워 준다.

Abstract

Early marriage in contemporary society has brought about many problems. The practice is encouraged by gender inequality, poverty and social norms. It reproduces social power imbalances including increased economic vulnerability of women, low educational attainment of girls, gender inequality at home and in the labor market, physical and sexual violence against women and their health problems. The Ethiopian government increased the minimum legal age of marriage for women from 15 to 18 years, by revising its family code in 2000 and newly adopting a criminal law in 2005 that includes punishment against any harmful tradition. Nonetheless, early marriage is still widely practiced in many parts of rural Ethiopia. This is because the practice has long been embedded and deeply rooted in the lives of the people. Earlier literature on early marriage in Ethiopia tends to focus only on women’s experiences and regard that all early-married people, particularly women, are unhappy with their lives. This paper attempts to explore the issue of early marriage through voices of people with diverse socioeconomic backgrounds, in order to address the limitations of the previous literature. This article aims at examining why early marriage has occurred in Ethiopia and how it has affected family life and women’s educational attainment, focusing on the case of Meki town. As seen from this study, it is true that early marriage generally had negative influences on the lives of women. However, it is equally true that some men are also victims of the practice while some women have improved their lives by means of it. This implies that we need to listen to the voices of diverse people when we examine early marriage.

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