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중국의 강대국역할: 형성, 특징과 영향요인

China's Great Power Role: Formation, Characteristic and Factor

유동원
중국학연구회 (The Society Of Chinese Studies)|2018.06|중국학연구|제84호|pp. 157-183|DOI 10.36493/JCS.84.7

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참고문헌

키워드

Role Conflict역할변화역할구상역할충돌역사적 자아중국특색의 강대국적극외교Role ConceptionRole ChangeHistorical SelfGreat Power Role with Chinese CharacteristicProactive Diplomacy
주제분류중국어와문학

초록

이 연구의 목적은 역할이론(Role Theory)에 기초하여 중국의 강대국역할 형성, 특징 및 영향요인을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 역할이론의 국제관계에서의 발전과 주요 개념을 분석하고, 이를 통해 중국의 강대국역할의 변화과정과 특징을 고찰하며, 국내적 기대(요인)인 역사적 자아(historical self)를 중심으로 중국의 강대국역할 실행을 살펴볼 것이다. 특히 역할이론이 제시한 것처럼 국가의 능력(영향력)이 강화되면 보다 적극이고 다양한 (보조)역할을 추구하게 된다는 점에 주목하여 중국의 강대국역할 형성과 특징을 분석할 것이다. 다양하게 설정된 보조역할 혹은 강대국과 개발도상국 혹은 사회주의 국가간의 국가역할의 중복은 국제사회에 다양한 메시지를 전달하기 때문에 혼란을 야기할 수 있다. 중국의 강대국역할은 주로 국내적 기대, 특히 ‘역사적 자아’(historical self)에 의존하여 ‘중국특색의 사회주의’라는 자신의 길을 고수하고 있다. 새롭게 ‘확장된 역사적 자아’에 근거한 민족주의는 동아시아에서 중국위협론을 야기하였고, 중국 경제, 문화, 정치 및 군사강국의 지리적 기능적 한계를 극복하는데 근거가 되었다. 이처럼 ‘확장된 역사적 자아’는 ‘중화제국의 부활’, ‘영광스런 과거의 부활’을 강조하면서, 시진핑 집권이후 ‘중국의 꿈’, ‘중국특색의 대국외교’와 ‘적극외교’로 나타나고 있다.

Abstract

China is often seen as a threat to global security. Significant others including the US, Japan and the ASEAN nations have seen China’s role as that of an aggressive actor. China’s Peaceful Rise was a direct response to the China threat theory. China’s Peaceful Rise, later given the title China’s Peaceful Development was an attempt to present a different view of China’s future role within international relations and to present China as a responsible great power. China can be said to be playing both the role of an aggressive actor / revisionist state and of a responsible actor / status quo state, matching both China’s threat and China’s peaceful development theories. The fact that China plays both roles can be explained by the development of its historical self. Within the development of China’s contemporary role, the historical self conceptualizes China as a central power. China’s historical self has both a modern and an ancient influence. Historically, China held a position at the centre of a regional power structure referred to in the West as the “Tributary System”. This historical self also creates a very strict understanding of the limits of those territories and has created a role for China that can often be contradictory. This can be seen by its increased activity, in particular in global security responses.

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